Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 17 > Small Animal Obesity > Flashcards

Small Animal Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

what are consequences of obesity (4)

A
  1. predisposition to other diseases
  2. decreased quality of life
  3. effect on lifespan
  4. decreased physical activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does obesity predipose to other diseases

A

Adipokines are active proteins released from adipose tissue

Release:

Inflammatory cytokines

Acute phase proteins

Angiogenesis

Obesity is a state of chronic inflammation and chronic stress

Excess body weight leads to systemic and chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to pathogenesis of co-morbidities

Diabetes mellitus

CV disease

Osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what orthopaedic diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

cat: lameness
dog: cruciate ligament disease, osteoarthritis, hip dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what endocrine diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

cat: diabetes mellitus
dog: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what lipid disorders diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

cat: hepatic lipidosis
dog: hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what alimentary diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

cat: diarrhea
dog: pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what urogenital diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

cat: UTI
dog: dystocia, urinary sphincter mechanism incompetence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what cardiorespiratory diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

dog: tracheal collapse, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what oncological diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

cat: increased neoplasia risk
dog: transitional cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what other diseases does obesity predispose to in the dog and cat

A

dog: increased anesthetic risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why does obesity lower the quality of life

A

Weight loss increased vitality, decreased emotional disturbance, decreased pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what effect does obesity have on lifespan

A

Lifespan is shortened in obese dogs compared to their lean counterparts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what effect does obesity have on physical acitvity

A

Obese and overweight dogs spend less time in vigorous physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are risk factors for obestity (7)

A
  1. dietary
  2. animal factors
  3. behavioural
  4. lifestyle
  5. owner factors
  6. iatrogenic
  7. endocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are dietary factors that increase the risk of obesity

A

Number of meals and snacks

Table scraps and fresh meat

Present when owners preparing food

Feeding ad lib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are animal factors that increase the risk of obesity

A

Breed predisposition

Labs, CKC spaniel, beagle

Middle age

Neutered

Female dogs

Male cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are behavioural factors that increase the risk of obesity

A

Over humanization

Feeding behaviour

Owner not interested in prevention

Close owner pet relationship

Misperception

Lack of education about BCS and BW

Lack of education about pet food labels

Imprecision when feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are lifestyle factors that increase the risk of obesity

A

Indoor lifestyle

Inactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are owner factors that increase the risk of obesity

A

Older owners

Human obesity

Female gender

Lower income (dog owners)

Close owner-pet relationship

20
Q

what are iatrogenic factors that increase the risk of obesity

A

Medical: steroids

Surgical: thyroidectomy

21
Q

what are endocrine factors that increase the risk of obesity

A

Hypothyroidism

Hyperadrenocorticism

22
Q

what are modifiable risk factors that can reduce the risk of obesity

A

Misperception

Lack of education about BCS and BW

Lack of education about pet food labels

Imprecision when feeding

23
Q

what is misperception of body condition

A

Mismatch between actual and perceived body shape

Owner misperception of dog’s body shape is widespread

Owner underestimation of BCS most prevalent in obese dogs

If overweight they underestimate BCS

If underweight they overestimate BCS

24
Q

what is the issue with owners not being able to measure food correctly

A

Owners typically underestimate the amount of food they are providing when using feeding cups

Contributes to insidious weight gain

Contributes to failure in weight management programs

Especially when measuring out for small dogs

Size of food bowl and food scoop affects amount owner feeds

25
Q

why is tackling pet obesity complicated

A

Many owner-related risk factors for obesity

Combined with misperception of body condition

Problems with feeding practices

Weight management in pets required comprehensive treatment that includes the owner and extends beyond the standard diet and exercise regimen

26
Q

how can obesity be prevented

A

Discussion of proper feeding and BCS with owners

Quantify and measure food for pets

Achieve ideal BCS

Discussion at time of spay/neutering

Lifelong weight management and obesity prevention

Yearly wellness visits, noting BCS and BW

27
Q

how is obesity treated

A

Weight loss is not easy to achieve

Only 50% of animals commencing a weight loss program complete it!

Wight loss progresses slowly

Subsequent rebound is common

Bariatric surgery is not ethically justified

Dietary therapy most common approach

Some drugs licensed

28
Q

how is weight loss achieved (6)

A
  1. appropriate caloric restriction
  2. diet selection
  3. exercise
  4. modification of owner behaviour
  5. continued monitoring
  6. pharmaceutical therapy
29
Q

how do you calculate the appropriate caloric restriction

A

calculate calories required on target BW not current BW

each point between 5 and 9 on a 9 pt scale is approx 10% of excess BW

30
Q

what is the appropriate caloric restriction for an intact male

A

80 x ideal body weight ^0.75

31
Q

what is the maintenance energy requirement for a dog

A

95 x bodyweight^0.75

32
Q

what is the appropriate caloric restriction for an intact female

A

70 x ideal bodyweight^0.75

33
Q

what is the appropriate caloric restriction for an neutered male

A

70 x ideal bodyweight^0.75

34
Q

what is the appropriate caloric restriction for an neutered female

A

70 x ideal bodyweight^0.75

35
Q

what is the appropriate caloric restriction for an neutered female

A

60 x ideal bodyweight^0.75

36
Q

what are the maintenance energy requirements of a cat

A

77.6 x bodyweight^0.711

37
Q

what are the energy requirements for weight loss of a cat

A

42 x ideal bodyweight^0.711

38
Q

calculate the energy requirement for a male neutered dog with an ideal body weight of 16kg

A

70 x 16^0.75 = 560 kcal/day

39
Q

calculate how much kib to give a dog that requires 560kcal/day with a food that has 270kcal/100g

A

amount to feed = daily kcal/kcal per 100g x 100

= 560/27 x 100 = 207g of food per day

40
Q

how much % of body weight is appropriate for a dog to loose per week

A

0.5-3.0%

41
Q

how much % of body weight is appropriate for a cat to loose per week

A

0.5-2.0%

42
Q

what food should you select for diet

A

Best to use a purpose formulated diet

Restricted in fat and caloric density

Supplemented in protein and micronutrients

High fibre and protein best for satiety

L-carnitine may help maintain lean tissue during weight loss

43
Q

what owner behaviours can be modified to help with weight loss

A

Treats

Weigh food

Weight and measure pet regularly

Engage entire household

44
Q

how can continued monitoring help with weight loss

A

Modification often required during weight loss

Initial checks every 2 weeks

Provide feedback, encouragement and support

Energy intake may need to be reduced progressively

Reduce the rebound effect by feeding the diet used in weight loss during the maintenance period

45
Q

what pharmaceutical therapy can be used for weight loss

A

Slentrol/yarvitan (dirlotapide/mitratapide)

Reduces appetite and fat absorption in dogs

Reduced uptake of dietary lipids

Dose dependent decrease in serum cholesterol and triglyceride

Increased presence of TG containing droplets in enterocytes

May rapidly regain weight afterwards

46
Q

what are reasons weight loss is not occuring

A

Module 17 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions