Interventional Radiology Flashcards
what is interventional radiology
use of fluoroscopic imaging to guide minimally invasive procedures that traditionally require major surgery
what does interventional radiology involve
- guide wires
- intravascular access and manipulation
- contrast agents
- engineered implatns with specific functions
how are guide wires used (4)
- flexible atraumatic wires
- introduced into body cavities, vessels, or lumens
- over which catheters and other devices are fed
- to gain access to the cavity, vessel or lumen
what are examples of guidewires
small bore guide-wire assisted chest drain placement
what are the sizes of dog ureters
2.0mm diameter
what are the sizes of cat ureters
0.4mm diameter
what is a ureterotomy
incision into ureter
what are the complications of a uretotomy
leakage
stricture
re-obstruction
high mortality rate
what are ureteral stents
A ureteral stent is a device designed to maintain the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder when the ureter becomes obstructed.
It is placed within (inside) the ureter to act as a conduit for urine flow. It is typically a double-pigtail design, meaning that the ends are curled to prevent movement from the kidney or bladder.
what are the advantages of ureteral stents
no maintenance
what is a SUB
subcutaneous ureteral bypass
what does a SUB entail
nephrostomy tube buried subcutaneously and empties into the bladder
subcutaneous access port for flushing and sampling
what are the indications for a SUB system (2)
- ureteroliths
- ureteral stricture
why use a SUB over a stent (3)
- easier to place
- can sample urine and flush
- but requires maintenance
how are SUBs placed
under fluoroscopic guidance using guidewires
what are complications of SUBs and stents
- stones and sediment blockage
- kinking of tubing
- leakage of SUB
- UTI
what management is needed in SUB
flushing every 3 weeks extending to every 3-4 months by 1 year
sedate, clip, scan and flush
flush with T-lock solution
what are the costs of SUB
£3000 placement
flushing £~100/each time
initial estimate to owners: £5000
what is a new way to treat PSS surgically
percutaneous transvenous coil embolization
thrombogenic coils into shunt, stent in cava retains coils, occludes shunt outflow, completed via jugular catheter
how much does PTCE cost
Stent: £1500; require 3 sizes in stock/cases
Coils: £50; 5-20 per case
Wires: £200
Catheters: £150
Training course: £2000
1 specialist and 2 other vets: 4 hours
