Small Animal Musculoskeletal Part 2

Question 1

how should OFA positioning be?

Answer 1

limbs parallel to body
stifles at same level
look at obturator foramen, ischiatic tuberosity, patella

Question 2

what can be seen with hip degenerative joint disease on a radiograph?

Answer 2

periarticular new bone formation
remodeling
thickening
poor coverage of femoral head

Question 3

what is the hip dysplasia scoring system for excellent?

Answer 3

> 75% coverage

Question 4

what is the hip dysplasia scoring system for good?

Answer 4

60-75% coverage

Question 5

what is the hip dysplasia scoring system for fair?

Answer 5

no laxity
minor osteophytes

Question 6

what is mild dysplasia?

Answer 6

40%
degenerative joint disease

Question 7

what is moderate dysplasia?

Answer 7

25-40%
degenerative joint disease

Question 8

what is severe dysplasia?

Answer 8

<25%
degenerative joint disease

Question 9

what dysplastic changes can be seen with hip dysplasia with mild degenerative joint disease?

Answer 9

abnormal C shape of acetabulum (too open)
poor coverage of femoral head
divergent joint space articular surfaces should be parallel to each other

Question 10

what degenerative joint disease changes can be seen with hip dysplasia with mild degenerative joint disease?

Answer 10

mild new bone formation at femoral neck

Question 11

what are findings of hip dysplasia with no degenerative joint disease?

Answer 11

incongruity of femoral head and acetabulum
subluxation of femoral head
flattened head
shallow acetabulum

Question 12

who is panosteitis most common in?

Answer 12

rapidly growing large dogs
3-18 months old

Question 13

what are the clinical signs of panosteitis?

Answer 13

shifting leg lameness
fever
anorexia
pain on palpation

Question 14

what are the radiographic findings of panosteitis?

Answer 14

patchy medullary opacities of long bones
periosteal reaction also seen

Question 15

who is hypertrophic osteodystrophy most common in?

Answer 15

2-4 month old large breed dogs
maybe nutritional etiology
maybe infectious etiology

Question 16

what are the early findings of hypertrophic osteodystrophy?

Answer 16

radiolucent band in the affected metaphysis of a long bone
represents demineralization

Question 17

what are the late findings of hypertrophic osteodystrophy?

Answer 17

new bone formation surrounding affected metaphysis
growth arrest

Question 18

who does avascular (aseptic) necrosis of the femoral head occur in?

Answer 18

miniature breeds
usually unilateral
3-11 month old dogs

Question 19

what are the early findings of avascular/aseptic necrosis of the femoral head?

Answer 19

apple core appearance of femoral neck
increased or decreased head opacity

Question 20

what are the late findings of avascular/aseptic necrosis of the femoral head?

Answer 20

irregular, flattened, collapsed femoral head
acetabular remodeling
lucencies in femoral neck

Question 21

who does retained cartilaginous core occur in?

Answer 21

giant breeds

Question 22

what can retained cartilaginous cores cause?

Answer 22

angular limb deformities

Question 23

what are the findings for retained cartilaginous cores?

Answer 23

triangular lucent cores in the distal ulnar growth plates