Abdomen part 3

Question 1

in dogs, the kidneys may be ___________ the length of L2

Answer 1

2.5-3.5x

Question 2

in cats, the kidneys may be ____________ the length of L2

Answer 2

2-3x

Question 3

what are some kidney abnormalities?

Answer 3

big kidney
small kidney
kidney mass
renal calculi/mineralization

Question 4

where do ureters live?

Answer 4

retroperitoneal space

Question 5

where does the normal bladder live?

Answer 5

caudal abdomen
ventral to colon
ventral to uterine body if present

Question 6

what are some bladder and urethral abnormalities?

Answer 6

calculi
rupture
rectourethral fistula
perineal hernia

Question 7

for radiolucent calculi, what do you need to see them?

Answer 7

cystography or ultrasound

Question 8

what does the normal prostate surround?

Answer 8

urethra just caudal to urinary bladder

Question 9

do we see the prostate in cats?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what should be the size of the prostate in a dog?

Answer 10

dorsal to ventral diameter should be <70% of the distance from the cranioventral aspect of thee sacrum to the pubis on the lateral view

Question 11

what are some prostatic abnormalities?

Answer 11

benign prostatic hypertrophy
prostatitis
prostatic carcinoma
paraprostatic cysts

Question 12

where do the normal adrenal glands live?

Answer 12

retroperitoneal space medial to cranial poles of kidneys

Question 13

are the adrenal glands normally visible on radiographs?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

the body of the uterus lives between the ____________ and _______________ on the lateral view

Answer 14

colon
bladder

Question 15

can you normally see a uterus on radiographs?

Answer 15

not unless gravid

Question 16

when do fetuses become mineralized?

Answer 16

~ day 40

Question 17

___________________ cannot be distinguished from pyometra, hydrometra, or mucometra on radiographs

Answer 17

midterm pregnancy

Question 18

what are some types of abnormal uterus?

Answer 18

fetal death
dystocia
fluid filled uterus
uterine stump granuloma
uterine mass

Question 19

what are some signs of fetal death?

Answer 19

gas in fetus/uterus
overlapping fetal skull bones
loss of fetal flexion
mummification
ultrasound better for viability

Question 20

what do you see on a radiograph with a pyometra?

Answer 20

tubular fluid opacities

Question 21

how can you distinguish a pyometra from bowel?

Answer 21

doesn’t contain gas
ultrasound

Question 22

in what view do you measure the kidneys?

Answer 22

VD

Question 23

the ________ kidney is more cranial and may be hard to see, and the _________ kidney may be “low slung” on lateral view

Answer 23

right
left

Question 24

when can ureters be seen?

Answer 24

tons retroperitoneal fat
iodinated contrast

Question 25

do you ever see the prostate in cats?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

what will prostatic carcinoma do?

Answer 26

spread to sublumbar lymph nodes and spine

Question 27

who is benign prostatic hypertrophy seen in?

Answer 27

intact male dogs

Question 28

what can a sertoli cell tumor cause?

Answer 28

prominent nipples on male dog

Question 29

what is the significance of adrenal mineralization?

Answer 29

incidental in cats

Question 30

what characterizes a pyometra on radiographs?

Answer 30

caudoventral on lateral view
originate between colon and bladder on lateral
usually bilateral on VD
may be uniformly enlarged or lumpy

Question 31

what can cause small kidneys?

Answer 31

chronic renal disease
gastric outflow obstruction