Abdomen part 2

Question 1

where does the normal stomach live?

Answer 1

caudal to liver and cranial to pancreas and transverse colon

Question 2

a dog stomach is ______________ to the spine and a cat stomach is ______________ on the VD view

Answer 2

perpendicular
J-shaped

Question 3

what are some gastric abnormalities?

Answer 3

gastric dilation (bloat)
gastric dilation volvulus
gastric foreign body
gastric mass

Question 4

true/false: the stomach is in the correct position with gastric dilation/bloat, but not with gastric dilation volvulus

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what shows that the stomach is too large (gastric dilation)?

Answer 5

stomach extends beyond the last rib on lateral view

Question 6

on what view is a gastric dilation volvulus best visualized?

Answer 6

right lateral view

Question 7

where is the pylorus NOT with gastric dilation volvulus?

Answer 7

right and caudoventral

Question 8

what are some abnormalities associated with gastric dilation volvulus?

Answer 8

gas dilated bowel and esophagus
gas in gastric wall (necrosis)
free gas in the abdomen
decreased abdominal serosal detail
splenic torsion

Question 9

what view can help to view a pyloric foreign body?

Answer 9

left lateral view allows gas to surround the foreign body

Question 10

where does the normal pancreas live?

Answer 10

greater curvature of stomach and medial to duodenum

Question 11

can you normally see the pancreas on radiographs?

Answer 11

no
except some fat cats

Question 12

if you see a widened pyloroduodenal angle on radiographs, what should you consider?

Answer 12

young dog: pancreatitis
old dog: pancreatic mass
if signs match

Question 13

what does the small intestine usually contain?

Answer 13

fluid or gass
if see granular, think foreign material

Question 14

what are some small intestinal abnormalities?

Answer 14

foreign body obstruction
mass
intussusception
functional ileus

Question 15

what is “stacking” of small intestines?

Answer 15

parallel loops of dilated intestine

Question 16

what can you do if you’re not sure if a foreign object is in the colon?

Answer 16

pneumocolon study

Question 17

what does the intestine do with a linear foreign body?

Answer 17

crawls up the trailing end
bowel looks like a hair scrunchy

Question 18

what should you look for to distinguish a linear foreign body?

Answer 18

plicated bowel
intraluminal gas not oval (paisley shaped)
intestine may appear short
intestinal bunching/irregularity
not necessarily distended

Question 19

what characterizes small intestinal masses?

Answer 19

can be anywhere
may or may not cause obstruction
may contain gas or have a gas filled lumen

Question 20

can you usually see intussusception on radiographs?

Answer 20

no, unless outlined by gas

Question 21

what is mesenteric volvulus?

Answer 21

small intestine has torsed and is getting no blood flow
surgical emergency

Question 22

what shape does the cecum normally make on the VD view in a dog?

Answer 22

question mark

Question 23

what are some colonic abnormalities?

Answer 23

constipation/obstipation
diarrhea
colonic foreign bodies
enterolith/sand impaction
intussusception
atresia ani

Question 24

does the stomach normally extend past the last rib on the lateral view?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

are rugal folds being visible a normal finding for the stomach?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

which side of the body is the pylorus on?

Answer 26

right

Question 27

where are the fundus and pylorus in a normal right lateral view?

Answer 27

fundus near the spine
pylorus ventral

Question 28

on which view is gastric dilation volvulus best visualized?

Answer 28

right lateral view

Question 29

if the fundus is not on the ___________ or ___________, cut!

Answer 29

left
craniodorsal

Question 30

does gas dilated bowel and esophagus get better once the GDV is fixed?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

what problems does a pyloric foreign body cause?

Answer 31

outflow obstruction
classically projectile vomiting

Question 32

what part of the pancreas might you see in a fat cat radiograph?

Answer 32

left limb

Question 33

what is the normal diameter of the small intestine?

Answer 33

dog: <width of L2 on VD
cat: up to 12mm

Question 34

when should you not perform a pneumocolon study?

Answer 34

when the animal is having hematochezia: do not want air embolism

Question 35

what is a pattern that looks a bit like a linear foreign body, but is not?

Answer 35

fat cats: bowel gather in right midventral abdomen
not bunching: relaxed and not plicated