Abdomen part 2 Flashcards
where does the normal stomach live?
caudal to liver and cranial to pancreas and transverse colon
a dog stomach is ______________ to the spine and a cat stomach is ______________ on the VD view
perpendicular
J-shaped
what are some gastric abnormalities?
gastric dilation (bloat)
gastric dilation volvulus
gastric foreign body
gastric mass
true/false: the stomach is in the correct position with gastric dilation/bloat, but not with gastric dilation volvulus
true
what shows that the stomach is too large (gastric dilation)?
stomach extends beyond the last rib on lateral view
on what view is a gastric dilation volvulus best visualized?
right lateral view
where is the pylorus NOT with gastric dilation volvulus?
right and caudoventral
what are some abnormalities associated with gastric dilation volvulus?
gas dilated bowel and esophagus
gas in gastric wall (necrosis)
free gas in the abdomen
decreased abdominal serosal detail
splenic torsion
what view can help to view a pyloric foreign body?
left lateral view allows gas to surround the foreign body
where does the normal pancreas live?
greater curvature of stomach and medial to duodenum
can you normally see the pancreas on radiographs?
no
except some fat cats
if you see a widened pyloroduodenal angle on radiographs, what should you consider?
young dog: pancreatitis
old dog: pancreatic mass
if signs match
what does the small intestine usually contain?
fluid or gass
if see granular, think foreign material
what are some small intestinal abnormalities?
foreign body obstruction
mass
intussusception
functional ileus
what is “stacking” of small intestines?
parallel loops of dilated intestine
what can you do if you’re not sure if a foreign object is in the colon?
pneumocolon study
what does the intestine do with a linear foreign body?
crawls up the trailing end
bowel looks like a hair scrunchy
what should you look for to distinguish a linear foreign body?
plicated bowel
intraluminal gas not oval (paisley shaped)
intestine may appear short
intestinal bunching/irregularity
not necessarily distended
what characterizes small intestinal masses?
can be anywhere
may or may not cause obstruction
may contain gas or have a gas filled lumen
can you usually see intussusception on radiographs?
no, unless outlined by gas
what is mesenteric volvulus?
small intestine has torsed and is getting no blood flow
surgical emergency
what shape does the cecum normally make on the VD view in a dog?
question mark
what are some colonic abnormalities?
constipation/obstipation
diarrhea
colonic foreign bodies
enterolith/sand impaction
intussusception
atresia ani
does the stomach normally extend past the last rib on the lateral view?
no
are rugal folds being visible a normal finding for the stomach?
yes
which side of the body is the pylorus on?
right
where are the fundus and pylorus in a normal right lateral view?
fundus near the spine
pylorus ventral
on which view is gastric dilation volvulus best visualized?
right lateral view
if the fundus is not on the ___________ or ___________, cut!
left
craniodorsal
does gas dilated bowel and esophagus get better once the GDV is fixed?
yes
what problems does a pyloric foreign body cause?
outflow obstruction
classically projectile vomiting
what part of the pancreas might you see in a fat cat radiograph?
left limb
what is the normal diameter of the small intestine?
dog: <width of L2 on VD
cat: up to 12mm
when should you not perform a pneumocolon study?
when the animal is having hematochezia: do not want air embolism
what is a pattern that looks a bit like a linear foreign body, but is not?
fat cats: bowel gather in right midventral abdomen
not bunching: relaxed and not plicated
