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Module 15 > Small animal ECG > Flashcards

Small animal ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Changes in the P wave sugges

A

Changes in Atrial pathology

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2
Q

What does the Q wave represent

A

Depolarisation of the intraventricular septum

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3
Q

What does the R represent

A

Ventricular depolarisation

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4
Q

What direction of depolarisation in the QRS

A

Left

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5
Q

What does the S represent

A

Depolarisation of the basal ventricular walls

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6
Q

What does the T represent

A

Repolarisation of atriums

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7
Q

At 25mm/sec what is the duration of one box

A

0.2 sec

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8
Q

How to get heart rate off an ecg

A

Count small square sbtween QRS complex
25mm/sec: 300/large squares
50mm/sec: 600/large squares

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9
Q

ECG on 25mm/sec how many large squares is 6 seconds

A

30

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10
Q

ECG on 50mm/sec how many large squares is 6 seconds

A

60

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11
Q

What does VPC mean

A

Ventricular premature complex

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12
Q

What does PVC mean

A

Premature Ventricular complex

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13
Q

Arrythomogenic right ventricular myopathy what does it mean

A

Ectopic beat originate right side

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14
Q

An absence of P wave could suggest and cause

A

Atrial standstill- High potassium

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15
Q

a Wide P wave suggest

A

Left atrial dilation

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16
Q

A tall P wave suggest

A

Right atrial dilation

17
Q

Variable height complexes suggest

A

Pericardial effusion
Atrial arrthimia

18
Q

Small complexes suggest

A

Pleural effusion
Obesity

19
Q

Prologoned Q-T caused by

A

hypocalcaemia
hypokalaemia
hypothermia
drugs (e.g. sotalol)

20
Q

Shortened Q-T caused by

A

hypercalcaemia
hyperkalaemia
drugs (e.g. digoxin)

21
Q

What is torades de pointes

A

Fatal ventricular tachycardia. When Prolonged QT causes excessive intracellular calcium and possibly a rapid,

22
Q

ST segment depression suggest

A

Hypoxia

23
Q

Sinus arrhythmia more common for dogs or cats?

A

Dogs!

24
Q

Causes for sinus bradycardia

A

Medication: sedatives, drugs used to treat tachyarrhythmias
Disease: hypothyroidism, increased intracranial pressure, dysautonomia
Metabolic: hypothermia

25
Q

Dysautonomia

A

Autonomic failure or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly.

26
Q

What should you see on an ECG during sinus arrest

A

When R-R interval is greater than twice the previous R-R interval

27
Q

What is sick sinus syndrome, what should you see on an ECG

A

Marked sinus arrest and then fast heart rate

28
Q

Cats with urinary track obstruction often cause atrial standstill why?

A

High potassium

29
Q

Differentiate between first, second and third degree AV block

A

First: Long PQ interval
Second: Lone P wave
Third: No relationship between P and QRS

30
Q

Mobitz Type I (Wencebach phenomenon)

A

Gradual blocking of AV node. First degree block followed by second degree.

31
Q

Mobitz Type II

A

No evidence of first- degree blockQ

32
Q

Medications for third degree AV valve

A

Calcium channel blocker
Beta blocker
Digoxin

33
Q

Supraventricular/atrial premature complex is caused by what

A

atrial dilation
atrial infiltration
atrial fibrosis
systemic disease

34
Q

Atrial fibrilation is caused by what

A

atrial dilation
atrial infiltration
atrial fibrosis
occult dilated cardiomyopathy

35
Q

Treatment for atrial fibrilation

A

Commonly treated with combination of digoxin and diltiazem

36
Q

Causes of VPCs

A

Cardiac Disease: ventricular myocardial dilation, inflammation, infiltration, fibrosis
Systemic disease: anaemia, septicaemia, splenic mass, gastric dilatation, pyometra
Metabolic: electrolyte imbalance (e.g. hypokalaemia)

37
Q

Treatment criteria for ventricular tachycardia

A

If runs >180/min (3 in a row or more is a run, 2 in a row is a couplet))
Symptomatic
Multiform in appearance
R-on-T (close coupling)

38
Q

Medications for ventricular tachycardia

A

Lidocaine, magnesium, mexilitine, sotalol,amiodarone

Module 15 (21 decks)

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