Investigating the equine upper respiratory system

Question 1

Respiration rate of resting horse

Answer 1

12 – 16 bpm

Question 2

Tidal Volume of resting horse

Answer 2

5 litres

Question 3

Minute ventilation of resting horse

Answer 3

80 litres/min

Question 4

Respiration rate of exercising horse

Answer 4

140 –150bpm

Question 5

Tidal Volume of exercising horse

Answer 5

10 – 12 litres

Question 6

Minute ventilation of exercising horse

Answer 6

1700 litres/min

Question 7

Cause of Pharygeal lymphoid hyperplasia and risk factors

Answer 7

Combination of immune response and exposure to infection, young horses

Question 8

Treatment of pharygeal lymphoid hyperplasia

Answer 8

rest and anti-inflammatories

Question 9

What is laryngeal neuopathy

Answer 9

Unilateral paralysis of arytenoids Caused by neurogenic atrophy of muscles of abduction esp. cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle

Question 10

Surgery options for laryngeal nephropathy

Answer 10

Laryngoplasty Prosthetic Laryngoplasty (tie back)
Ventriculectomy (Hobday)
Vocalcordectomy
Arytenoidectomy
Laryngeal re-innervation

Question 11

Cause of permanent dorsal displacement of soft palate

Answer 11

Secondary to neurological damage

Question 12

Cause of intermittent dorsal displacement of soft palate

Answer 12

Multiple described aetiologies

Question 13

Medical or conservative management of intermittent displacement of the palate

Answer 13

Rule out or address underlying causes
Tongue tie,
Figure 8 nose band
W or Z bit, spoon bit, “serena song” bit
6 weeks rest and NSAIDs

Question 14

Traditional surgical treatments of intermittent displacement of the palate

Answer 14

Laryngeal tie-forward
sternohyoid and sternothyroid myectomy
staphylectomy
Combined staphylectomy & myectomy
Pharyngoplasty