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Module 15- Cardiorespiratory And Haemopoietic > Acquired murmurs in dogs > Flashcards

Acquired murmurs in dogs Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Acquired

A

Not present at birth and acquired during life
Though it may be caused by genetic factors

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2
Q

Definition of a Murmur and name some causes

A

Abnormal heart sound caused by turbulent blood flow
Valvular incompetency
Stenosis
Abnormal connection (Ventricular septum defect)

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3
Q

Examples of Endocardial disease

A

Endocardiosis/Degenerative mitral valve disease/myomatous mitral valve disease
Endocarditis

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4
Q

Examples of Myocardial disease

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy (Primary or secondary)
Arrhythmic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy (Primary or secondary)
Myocarditis

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5
Q

What is the most common disease relating to the heart for dogs

A

Endocardial disease- Degenerative mitral valve disease

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6
Q

What dog breed is predisposed to have degenerative mitral valve disease

A

Cavalier Kings Charles Spaniel

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7
Q

What are the likelihoods of the different valves will be affected by MMVD

A

Mitral (Left AV)- 95%
Tricuspid valve- 35%
Aortic valve- 3%

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8
Q

Outline pathophysiology of DMVD

A
  1. Valve leakage
  2. Eccentric hypertrophic of left ventricle
  3. Volume overload of left ventricle
  4. Decreased CO
  5. Stimulation of RAAS
  6. Left atrial enlargement
  7. Pulmonary hypertension
  8. Right side CHF
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9
Q

Clinical finding of a cough is common in dogs or cats in Endocardial disease

A

Dogs!

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Endocardial disease/DMVD in dogs

A

Asymptomatic
Signs of left sided cardiomegaly- Cough
Signs of LCHF- Tachypnoea/Dyspnoea due to pulmonary oedema/Cough/Excersise intolerance
Signs if RCHF- Ascites/Dyspnoea due to pleural effusion

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11
Q

T/F Clinical examination can determine which valve is affected by DMVD

A

True!

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12
Q

T/F Murmur grade is related to severity of disease

A

True!

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13
Q

Outline the ACVIM Modified ACC

A

Classification used to guide treatment
A- Predisposed
B1- Asymptomatic/No Cardiomegaly
B2- Asymptomatic/Cardiomegaly
C- Current of previous CHF
D- Refractory CHF

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14
Q

What valves does bacterial endocarditis frequently affect the most for dogs/cats/horse

A

Valves on left side
Aortic valve the most common
Mitral second most

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15
Q

State the defect that predisposed dogs to develop endocarditis

A

Congenital Aortic Stenosis

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16
Q

What valves does bacterial endocarditis frequently affect the most for cattle

A

Valves on right side

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17
Q

Clinical presentations of endocarditis

A

Pyrexia
Joint pain and stiffness/Lameness
New left sided murmur

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18
Q

Diagnosis for endocarditis

A

Blood culture
Urine culture
Joint taps
Echocardiography
Thoracic radiology
Abdominal ultrasonography
Haematology

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19
Q

Treatment for endocarditis

A

Antibiotics
Supportive therapy

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20
Q

Prevention for endocarditis for dogs with with severe aortic stenosis

A

Treat with prophylactic antibiotics if undergoing routine dental treatments/or if they have wounds

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21
Q

What is the most common myocardial disease in dogs

A
  1. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
  2. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
22
Q

T/F Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is common in dogs

A

False!

23
Q

T/F Myocarditis is common in dogs

A

False ( Probably under diagnosed)

24
Q

Aetiology of DCM in dogs (Primary)

A

Idiopathic
Hereditary

25
Q

Breeds of dogs predisposed to DCM

A

Doberman/Irish wolfhounds/Boxer

26
Q

Aetiology of DCM in dogs (Secondary)

A

Toxic-doxorubicin (Chemo)
Tachycardia induced
Dietary- Taurine/Carnitine/Grain deficiency

27
Q

Pathophysiology of DCM

A
  1. Systolic failure
  2. Poor CO=Exercise intolerance
  3. Stimulation of RAAS-Fluid retention-L/RCHF
  4. Dilation of left ventricle
  5. Ventricular arrhythmias
  6. Sudden death
28
Q

T/F Females are predisposed to DCM in dogs

A

False! Males more often

29
Q

Clinical signs for DCM in dogs

A

Exercise intolerance
RSCHF>LSCHF
R: Pleural effusion/Ascites
L: Cough/Dyspnoea/Tachypnoea/Exercise Intolerance

30
Q

Meaning of syncope

A

Loss of consciousness

31
Q

Difference in clinical signs between DCM and DMVD

A

DCM- Weak pulse/Poor capillary refill time/Pallor

32
Q

Meaning of pallor

A

Pale colour of MM

33
Q

What is the normal ratio of the size of left ventricle to aorta in ultrasound

A

Normal: <1.5

34
Q

State the mutation in the genes of dobermans that predispose them to DCM

A

PDK4 Mutation and Tintin mutation

35
Q

T/F DCM is a progressive disease

A

True!

36
Q

T/F DMVD is a not progressive disease

A

False!

37
Q

Average survival after onset of congestive heart failure

A

Doberman: <9months
Average: 6-18 months

38
Q

T/F Dilated cardiomyopathy may be present in an ‘occult’ form for several years before CHF develops

A

True!

39
Q

Name the drugs to treat to Ventricular arrhythmias in dogs

A

Solatol
Mexiletine
Amiodarone

40
Q

Name the drugs to treat fast atrial fibrillation in dogs

A

Digoxin
Diltiazem
Atenolol

41
Q

Solatol is used to treat?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias

42
Q

Digoxin is used to treat?

A

Atrial fibrillation

43
Q

Name the drug used to manage early stage DCM

A

Pimobendan

44
Q

What dog breeds are predisposed to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

Boxers and Bulldogs

45
Q

What cat breeds are predisposed to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

None!

46
Q

Management of ARVC

A

Support systolic function with pimobendan
Reducing further remodelling with ACE inhibitors
Treat life threatening ventricular arrhythmias with solatol

47
Q

State criteria for treating ventricular arrhythmias

A

Runs of ventricular tachycardia >180bpm
Multiform VPCs- Coming from different places
Close coupling of ventricular ectopic

48
Q

Clinical findings of myocarditis in dogs

A

Not specific to cardiac disease
Secondary to infection/neoplasia
Arrhythmias common
Ventricular arrhythmias may be multi focal
Pyrexia

49
Q

Diagnosis of myocarditis and name the specific protein tested

A

High serum troponin 1
Myocardial biopsy
Rising titres on serology

50
Q

T/F Sudden cardiac death is common for myocarditis

A

True!

Module 15- Cardiorespiratory And Haemopoietic (21 decks)

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