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Module 15- Cardiorespiratory And Haemopoietic > Cough in small animals > Flashcards

Cough in small animals Flashcards

1
Q

What do you expect to hear if a patient is coughing from cardiac disease

A

Sinus tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Murmurs
Gallop sounds
Pulmonary crackles

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2
Q

What do you expect to hear if a patient is coughing from respiratory disease

A

Sinus arrhythmia
Bradycardia
Pulmonary crackles
Wheezes
Stertor/ stridor

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3
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Chronic lung disease may lead to pulmonary hypertension and right sided heart enlargement

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4
Q

How much fluid is required for lavage in small animals during broncho-alveolar lavage

A

Fluid for lavage: 1-2mls saline/kg in total
Cats: 10-25 ml; Dogs: 25-50 ml

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5
Q

T/F Bronchoalveolar lavage provides definitive diagnosis of lower airway disease in many cases.

A

True!

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6
Q

Cat Coughing for at least 2 months
Dyspnoeic episodes may occur if concurrent asthma
Pyrexia, lethargy, inappetence if concurrent bronchopneumonia
What disease is this?

A

Chronic Bronchitis/ Chronic Airway Disease

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7
Q

Treatment for chronic bronchitis

A

Bronchodilators
Antibacterial therapy (doxycycline)
Glucocorticosteroids
Mucolytics
Control of environmental pollutants
Physiotherapy

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8
Q

List examples of bronchodilators for the use in SA

A

Salbutamol (Albuterol) – inhaled
Salmeterol (Serevent) - inhaled
Terbutaline – 0.625mg –1.25 mgs per os q12h
Theophylline - 20mg/kg per os q24 hours

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9
Q

List examples of antibiotics for the use in SA with chronic bronchitis

A

doxycycline, enrofloxacin + clindamycin or amoxycillin

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10
Q

List examples of corticosteroids for the use in SA with chronic bronchitis

A

Prednisolone – 0.25–2mg/kg PO q 12 hours for 7 -14 days and then taper dose
Fluticasone, budesonide, beclomethasone–inhaled

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11
Q

What could be some observations on a thoracic radiograph of a cat with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis concurrent

A

Bronchial lung pattern
Collapsed right middle lung lobe

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12
Q

T/F Secondary lung tumours is the most prevalenent neoplasia disease causing coughing in cats

A

True!

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13
Q

Parasites that cause coughing in cats

A

Aeluronstrongylus abstrusus
Capillaria aerophilia
Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm)

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14
Q

Fungus that cause coughing in cats

A

Cryptococcus neoformans (mainly nasal)
Aspergillus, Histoplasma & Blastomyces can cause pneumonia

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15
Q

Protozoal that cause coughing in cats

A

Toxoplasmosis

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16
Q

Treatment for lung worm in cats

A

Fenbendazole

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17
Q

Treatment for fungus in cats

A

Fluconazole, itraconazole

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18
Q

Treatment for protozoa in cats

A

Clindamycin

19
Q

Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (Kennel Cough) can be caused by what

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Parainfluenza III
Canine distemper virus
Canine adenovirus II
Canine herpes virus
Mycoplasma spp.

20
Q

Management of dog with kennel cough

A

Restrict exercise (& isolate)
Harness instead of collar
Avoid dusty/smoky environment
+/- doxycycline or amoxycillin clavulanate
+/- antitussives

21
Q

Clinical findings of dogs with kennel cough

A

Harsh, easily elicited non-productive cough
+/- pyrexia/inappetence/ nasal discharge

22
Q

Clinical findings of dogs with chronic bronchitis

A

small toy and terrier breeds
coughing for at least 2 months
+/- crackles on auscultation
+/- tachypnoea, dyspnoea, exercise intolerance
+/- pyrexia, lethargy, inappetance
bronchoscopic diagnosis
bronchopneumonia complication
eventual respiratory failure(fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension)

23
Q

Management of dogs with chronic bronchitis

A

Avoid obesity
No collar, wear harness
Corticosteroids- oral, inhaled
Bronchodilators- oral, inhaled
Antibacterial therapy (intermittent)
Mucolytics
Nebulisation
Rest and exercise control
Control of environmental pollutants
Physiotherapy
Antitussives, esp. if concurrent tracheal collapse

24
Q

A coughing dog with tachypnoea and dyspnoea has its blood test show high levels of eosinophils what does this suggest?

A

Allergic pulmonary disease

25
Q

T/F Parasites can cause Allergic pulmonary disease in dogs

A

True!

26
Q

Chronic management of allergic pulmonary disease

A

Fenbendazole (anthelmintic)
Environmental management
Corticosteroids – oral, inhaled-gradually taper
Harness
Control obesity
Other Immunosuppressive therapies

27
Q

Acute Treatment of allergic pulmonary disease

A

Oxygen, cage rest
Corticosteroids – but may interfere with diagnostic tests

28
Q

Examples of parasites that can cause coughing in dogs

A

Oslerus osleri
- dam to offspring transmission
Crenosoma vulpis
- intermediate host (mollusc), fox faeces
Angiostrongylus vasorum
- intermediate host (mollusc)
Capillaria aerophilia (Eucoleus Aerophilus)
- transmission faeco-oral, earthworm implicated
Dirofilaria immitis
- intermediate host mosquito

29
Q

Clinical presentation of a dog infected with parasites

A

Cough
Dyspnoea if infection is widespread
Peripheral eosinophilia
Pulmonary hypertension may lead to right sided CHF in A. vasorum and D. immitis
Clotting disorders reported with A. vasorum
A. vasorum seen a lot in terriers
Radiographic changes marked with A. vasorum

30
Q

Why must corticosterioids be given alongside anthelminthics

A

to prevent reaction to dying worms

31
Q

Names of drug to treat Oslerus osleri in dogs

A

Fenbendazole

32
Q

Names of drug to treat Crenosoma vulpis in dogs

A

Milbemycin, moxidectin oxime

33
Q

Names of drug to treat Angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs

A

Moxidectin oxime, fenbendazole

34
Q

Names of drug to treat Capillaria aerophilia (Eucoleus Aerophilus) in dogs

A

Fenbendazole

35
Q

Treatment for cardiac disease causing cough

A

Cardiac medications for congestive heart failure
Antitussives – codeine, butorphanol
Inhaled steroids if concurrent chronic airway disease

36
Q

Name two antitussives

A

codeine, butorphanol

37
Q

A cough that sounds like a “goose-honk”, “seal-bark” sound
and aggravated by lead pulling is most probably caused by?

A

Tracheal Collapse

38
Q

How does the grading system work for trachea collapse

A

Grade 1-4 based on severity of collapse

39
Q

Acute management of tracheal collapse

A

Acetylpromazine
Oxygen
Cool environment
Short acting corticosteroids
Opioids (buprenorphine, butorphanol)

40
Q

Chronic management of tracheal collapse

A

Control obesity
Use harness
Environmental hygiene
Avoid prolonged barking
Avoid excessive excitement
Avoid respiratory tract infections

41
Q

Acetylpromazine is what kind of drug

A

sedative and antiemetic

42
Q

Name the class of bronchodilators that will be useful in tracheal collapse

A

Methylxanthines
Beta-adrenergic agonists-Terbutaline

43
Q

Halitosis and acute cough/choke is a indicator of what kind of coughing disease

A

Airway Foreign Body

Module 15- Cardiorespiratory And Haemopoietic (21 decks)

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