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SEM 5: SAM 1 > Small Animal Dentistry: Developmental Abnormalities and Hard Tissues > Flashcards

Small Animal Dentistry: Developmental Abnormalities and Hard Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Class 1 Malocclusion

A
  • 1 or more teeth are in an abnormal position, but the mandible and maxilla are in normal position and placement

Ex: 1 tooth pointing in the wrong direction

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2
Q

Describe Class 2 Malocclusion

A

mandible occludes caudal to normal position relative to the maxilla

Ex: overbite

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3
Q

An underbite is an example of Class _____ Malocclusion

A

3

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4
Q

An overbite is an example of Class _____ Malocclusion

A

2

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5
Q

Describe Class 3 Malocclusion

A

mandible occludes mesial to its normal position relative to the maxilla

Ex: underbite

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Describe Class 4 Malocclusion

A

Aymmetrical development of maxilla or mandible causing side-to-side deviation

(wry mouth)

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8
Q

What is the treatment protocol for patients with malocclusion?

A
  1. Extraction (most common)
  2. Crown shortening
  3. Orthodontics (impants)
    Ex:
    Passive implant: acrylic/resin/plastic
    Active implant: elastic chains, metallic implants
  4. Ball therapy

(cosmetics = not a reason to treat

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9
Q

Hyperodontia is usually seen with __________ teeth

A

Incisors or premolars

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10
Q

What are the effects of hyperodontia, and what is the treatment protocol?

A
  • Crowding, deviation, malocclusion, accumulation of plaque, periodontal dz
  • Tx: Rads are mandatory, extract most abnormal teeth
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11
Q

__________ is an abnormal bend or curve of the tooth root

A

Dilaceration

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12
Q

List causes of enamel hypoplasia

A
  1. Distemper/Parvo
  2. Vit A deficiency
  3. Vit D deficiency
  4. Hypocalcemia
  5. Trauma
  6. Genetic
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13
Q

What is the treatment protocol for patients with enamel hypoplasia?

A

Composite restoration, endodontics, or extraction if necessary

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14
Q

What scaler should be used in patients with enamel hypoplasia?

A

use hand scaler

(don’t use ultrasonic scaler)

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15
Q

What can be seen on dental rads from a patient with enamel hypoplasia?

A

Irregular aspect of crown surface, +/- radiolucency of crown

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16
Q

Why do patients with enamel hypoplasia have brown colored teeth?

A

Exposed dentin

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17
Q

Persistent deciduous teeth usually affect

A. Incisors
B. Canines
C. Pre molars
D. Molars
E. A and B
F. C and D

A

E: A and B

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18
Q

How do permanent mandibular canines normally erupt?

A

lingual or palatal (closest to tongue/soft palate)
to baby teeth

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19
Q

How do permanent incisors normally erupt?

A

lingual or palatal (closest to tongue/soft palate)
to baby teeth

applies for upper and lower incisors

(same as mandibular canines)

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20
Q

How do permanent maxillary canines normally erupt?

A

rostral to baby tooth (in front of)

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21
Q

What is the treatment protocol for patients with persistent deciduous teeth?

A

** - Should always be extracted ASAP
- Do not wait for OVH/neuter**
- Extract w care: long, narrow roots, easily fractured

Exception: deciduous and permanent canine teeth can be present together for up to 1 week

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22
Q

True or False: Radiographs are essential to differentiate between an embedded, impacted, or missing tooth

A

True

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23
Q

What is the clinical significance of unerupted teeth?

A

Causes tooth root resorption of adjacent teeth, pain, and dentigerous cyst

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24
Q

What is the treatment protocol for an unerupted tooth covered by gingiva?

A

Make an incision through the gingiva to allow eruption of tooth

often seen with first premolars

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25
Q

Differentiate between Attrition vs Abrasion

A

Attrition
- worn down teeth from tooth to tooth contact
- normal aging or due to malocclusions

Abrasion
- worn down teeth from contact with non-dental objects (Ex: fences, cage biters, rock chewers)

26
Q

You are placing a dog under general anesthesia after suspect damage from cage biting. How should the patient be assessed, and what probe should be used?

A
  • Check rads for fractures, abrasions, pulpitis
  • Use explorer probe, sharp tip to check for pulpitis
27
Q

When does dental attrition or abrasion require extraction/referral?

A

If pulp is involved

(If not can do crown reduction or implants like resin)

28
Q

The normal enamel thickness of adult teeth in dogs is _____ mm

A

0.5 - 1mm

29
Q

The normal enamel thickness of adult teeth in cats is _____ mm

A

0.2

30
Q

What is the difference between enamel infraction vs enamel fracture?

A
  • Enamel Infraction: Incomplete fracture (cracks) of the enamel without any loss of the tooth
  • Enamel Fracture: piece of the crown chipped off, limited to only the enamel
  • Tx is the same for both, good px
31
Q

A fracture of the enamel and dentin, but not involving the pulp is called a ________ fracture

A

uncomplicated crown

32
Q

What is the difference between an uncomplicated vs complicated crown fracture?

A
  • Uncomplicated: only involves enamel and dentin
  • Complicated: involves enamel, dentin, and exposed pulp. 100% non-vital
33
Q

What is the most common site for uncomplicated crown and root fractures in dogs?

A. 109, 209
B. 108, 208
C. 308, 408
D. 309, 409

A

B. 108, 208

Maxillary PM4’s most commonly affected

34
Q

What is the treatment protocol for a dog with an uncomplicated crown and root fracture?

A
  • Requires extraction
  • Involves furcation
  • Gingiva will not reattach
35
Q

What fracture is most commonly seen when incisors are affected?

A

Root fracture

(can be below gum line, need rads to ID)

36
Q

What is the most common sequelae to untreated tooth fractures?

A
  • Causes infection
  • Can result in a periapical lesions (cyst, granuloma, abscess) and a draining sinus tract
  • Osteomyelitis / systemic infection if chronic
37
Q

Why are recheck rads recommended in cases of complicated tooth fractures?

A
  • Pulpitis not evident immediately on rads
  • Periapical necrosis takes 2-3 months, may not be evident for 6 months
38
Q

What are examples of periapical lesions?

A
  1. Cysts
  2. Granulomas
  3. Abscesses
39
Q

What are radiographic signs of a periapical lesion?

A

halo appearance/radiolucency below gum line surrounding apex of tooth

40
Q

If periapical lesions are detected on dental rads, what is the required treatment?

A
  • Requires extraction or root canal
  • Definitive dx requires histo
41
Q

Which tooth fractures always require extraction or root canal?

A
  • Complicated fractures
  • Root fractures (with or without pulp involved)
42
Q

What is the treatment protocol for dogs with enamel infraction?

A
  • If only enamel involved and no periapical lesions, Use bonding resin and monitor/recheck rads in 6-12 months
43
Q

What is the treatment protocol for dogs with enamel fracture?

A
  • If only enamel involved, no periapical lesions, and not close to pulp → Use bonding resin and monitor/recheck rads in 6-12 months
44
Q

If a tooth suffered trauma without fracture, how can it appear and what is the treatment protocol?

A
  • pink, bruised
  • indicates dead tooth
  • requires root canal or extraction
45
Q

What is caries?

A
  • Tooth decay / cavity from bacteria action on high carb diet
  • Typically affects occlusal surfaces of molars esp 109 and 209
46
Q

What is the most common site of caries in dogs?

A

Molars esp 109 and 209

47
Q

What probe should be used to diagnose caries?

A

Explorer probe (sharp for hard surfaces)

48
Q

What is the treatment protocol for caries?

A
  • Extraction
  • Restoration and plaque control may be efficient in early stages where only enamel is affected
49
Q

What is the treatment protocol for tooth avulsion?

A
  • emergency!!
  • If < 2 hrs → can be stabilized with wires, splint, and root canal
  • If > 2 hrs → requires extraction
50
Q

What is the treatment protocol for tooth luxation?

A

Rapid referral or extraction of luxated tooth

51
Q

What probe should be used to assess tooth resorption?

A

Explorer AND periodontal probes

Explorer for hard surfaces, periodontal to assess sulcus depth/below gumline

52
Q

Describe Type 1 tooth resorption

A
  • Tooth destruction but no evidence of replacement/ankylosis
  • Rads: Radiolucent areas of tooth but normal periodontal ligament
53
Q

Describe Type 2 tooth resorption

A
  • Tooth destruction AND evidence of replacement/ankylosis
  • Rads: Radiolucent areas of tooth, loss of periodontal ligament, ankylosis
54
Q
A
55
Q

Describe Type 3 tooth resorption

A
  • Features of Type 1 and 2
  • Tooth destruction and FOCAL area of replacement/ankylosis with areas of normal tooth and periodontal ligament

Ex: 1 abnormal root with ankylosis and 1 normal root

56
Q

What is the treatment protocol for Type 1 tooth resorption?

A

Extraction

DON’T USE POWER TOOLS

57
Q

What is the treatment protocol for Type 2 tooth resorption?

A
  • Monitor + annual recheck rads if no evidence of inflammation, pulpitis, or lesions open to oral cavity
  • If advanced, consider crown amputation
58
Q

What is the treatment protocol for Type 3 tooth resorption?

A

Extract the part of the tooth that has no replacement/no ankylosis
+
Crown amputation for the part of the tooth showing ankylosis

59
Q
A
60
Q
A

SEM 5: SAM 1 (35 decks)

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