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SEM 5: SAM 1 > Small Animal Dentistry: Developmental Abnormalities and Hard Tissues > Flashcards

Small Animal Dentistry: Developmental Abnormalities and Hard Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Class 1 Malocclusion

A
  • 1 or more teeth are in an abnormal position, but the mandible and maxilla are in normal position and placement

Ex: 1 tooth pointing in the wrong direction

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2
Q

Describe Class 2 Malocclusion

A

mandible occludes caudal to normal position relative to the maxilla

Ex: overbite

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3
Q

An underbite is an example of Class _____ Malocclusion

A

3

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4
Q

An overbite is an example of Class _____ Malocclusion

A

2

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5
Q

Describe Class 3 Malocclusion

A

mandible occludes mesial to its normal position relative to the maxilla

Ex: underbite

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Describe Class 4 Malocclusion

A

Aymmetrical development of maxilla or mandible causing side-to-side deviation

(wry mouth)

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8
Q

What is the treatment protocol for patients with malocclusion?

A
  1. Extraction (most common)
  2. Crown shortening
  3. Orthodontics (impants)
    Ex:
    Passive implant: acrylic/resin/plastic
    Active implant: elastic chains, metallic implants
  4. Ball therapy

(cosmetics = not a reason to treat

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9
Q

Hyperodontia is usually seen with __________ teeth

A

Incisors or premolars

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10
Q

What are the effects of hyperodontia, and what is the treatment protocol?

A
  • Crowding, deviation, malocclusion, accumulation of plaque, periodontal dz
  • Tx: Rads are mandatory, extract most abnormal teeth
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11
Q

__________ is an abnormal bend or curve of the tooth root

A

Dilaceration

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12
Q

List causes of enamel hypoplasia

A
  1. Distemper/Parvo
  2. Vit A deficiency
  3. Vit D deficiency
  4. Hypocalcemia
  5. Trauma
  6. Genetic
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13
Q

What is the treatment protocol for patients with enamel hypoplasia?

A

Composite restoration, endodontics, or extraction if necessary

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14
Q

What scaler should be used in patients with enamel hypoplasia?

A

use hand scaler

(don’t use ultrasonic scaler)

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15
Q

What can be seen on dental rads from a patient with enamel hypoplasia?

A

Irregular aspect of crown surface, +/- radiolucency of crown

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16
Q

Why do patients with enamel hypoplasia have brown colored teeth?

A

Exposed dentin

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17
Q

Persistent deciduous teeth usually affect

A. Incisors
B. Canines
C. Pre molars
D. Molars
E. A and B
F. C and D

A

E: A and B

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18
Q

How do permanent mandibular canines normally erupt?

A

lingual or palatal (closest to tongue/soft palate)
to baby teeth

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19
Q

How do permanent incisors normally erupt?

A

lingual or palatal (closest to tongue/soft palate)
to baby teeth

applies for upper and lower incisors

(same as mandibular canines)

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20
Q

How do permanent maxillary canines normally erupt?

A

rostral to baby tooth (in front of)

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21
Q

What is the treatment protocol for patients with persistent deciduous teeth?

A

** - Should always be extracted ASAP
- Do not wait for OVH/neuter**
- Extract w care: long, narrow roots, easily fractured

Exception: deciduous and permanent canine teeth can be present together for up to 1 week

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22
Q

True or False: Radiographs are essential to differentiate between an embedded, impacted, or missing tooth

A

True

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23
Q

What is the clinical significance of unerupted teeth?

A

Causes tooth root resorption of adjacent teeth, pain, and dentigerous cyst

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24
Q

What is the treatment protocol for an unerupted tooth covered by gingiva?

A

Make an incision through the gingiva to allow eruption of tooth

often seen with first premolars

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25
Differentiate between Attrition vs Abrasion
A**tt**rition - worn down teeth from **tooth to tooth** contact - normal aging or due to malocclusions Abrasion - worn down teeth from contact with non-dental objects (Ex: fences, cage biters, rock chewers)
26
You are placing a dog under general anesthesia after suspect damage from cage biting. How should the patient be assessed, and what probe should be used?
- Check rads for fractures, abrasions, pulpitis - Use explorer probe, sharp tip to check for pulpitis
27
When does dental attrition or abrasion require extraction/referral?
If pulp is involved (If not can do crown reduction or implants like resin)
28
The normal enamel thickness of adult teeth in dogs is _____ mm
0.5 - 1mm
29
The normal enamel thickness of adult teeth in cats is _____ mm
0.2
30
What is the difference between enamel infraction vs enamel fracture?
- Enamel Infraction: Incomplete fracture (cracks) of the enamel without any loss of the tooth - Enamel Fracture: piece of the crown chipped off, limited to only the enamel - Tx is the same for both, good px
31
A fracture of the enamel and dentin, but not involving the pulp is called a ________ fracture
uncomplicated crown
32
What is the difference between an uncomplicated vs complicated crown fracture?
- Uncomplicated: only involves enamel and dentin - Complicated: involves enamel, dentin, and exposed pulp. 100% non-vital
33
What is the most common site for uncomplicated crown and root fractures in dogs? A. 109, 209 B. 108, 208 C. 308, 408 D. 309, 409
B. 108, 208 **Maxillary PM4's most commonly affected**
34
What is the treatment protocol for a dog with an uncomplicated crown and root fracture?
- Requires extraction - Involves furcation - Gingiva will not reattach
35
What fracture is most commonly seen when incisors are affected?
Root fracture (can be below gum line, need rads to ID)
36
What is the most common sequelae to untreated tooth fractures?
- Causes infection - Can result in a periapical lesions (cyst, granuloma, abscess) and a draining sinus tract - Osteomyelitis / systemic infection if chronic
37
Why are recheck rads recommended in cases of complicated tooth fractures?
- Pulpitis not evident immediately on rads - Periapical necrosis takes 2-3 months, may not be evident for 6 months
38
What are examples of periapical lesions?
1. Cysts 2. Granulomas 3. Abscesses
39
What are radiographic signs of a periapical lesion?
halo appearance/radiolucency below gum line surrounding apex of tooth
40
If periapical lesions are detected on dental rads, what is the required treatment?
- Requires extraction or root canal - Definitive dx requires histo
41
Which tooth fractures always require extraction or root canal?
- Complicated fractures - Root fractures (with or without pulp involved)
42
What is the treatment protocol for dogs with enamel infraction?
- If only enamel involved and no periapical lesions, Use bonding resin and monitor/recheck rads in 6-12 months
43
What is the treatment protocol for dogs with enamel fracture?
- If only enamel involved, no periapical lesions, and not close to pulp → Use bonding resin and monitor/recheck rads in 6-12 months
44
If a tooth suffered trauma without fracture, how can it appear and what is the treatment protocol?
- pink, bruised - indicates dead tooth - requires root canal or extraction
45
What is caries?
- Tooth decay / cavity from bacteria action on high carb diet - Typically affects occlusal surfaces of molars esp 109 and 209
46
What is the most common site of caries in dogs?
Molars esp 109 and 209
47
What probe should be used to diagnose caries?
Explorer probe (sharp for hard surfaces)
48
What is the treatment protocol for caries?
- Extraction - Restoration and plaque control may be efficient in early stages where only enamel is affected
49
What is the treatment protocol for tooth avulsion?
- **emergency!!** - If < 2 hrs → can be stabilized with wires, splint, and root canal - If > 2 hrs → requires extraction
50
What is the treatment protocol for tooth luxation?
Rapid referral or extraction of luxated tooth
51
What probe should be used to assess tooth resorption?
Explorer AND periodontal probes Explorer for hard surfaces, periodontal to assess sulcus depth/below gumline
52
Describe Type 1 tooth resorption
- Tooth destruction but no evidence of replacement/ankylosis - Rads: Radiolucent areas of tooth but normal periodontal ligament
53
Describe Type 2 tooth resorption
- Tooth destruction AND evidence of replacement/ankylosis - Rads: Radiolucent areas of tooth, loss of periodontal ligament, ankylosis
54
55
Describe Type 3 tooth resorption
- Features of Type 1 and 2 - Tooth destruction and FOCAL area of replacement/ankylosis with areas of normal tooth and periodontal ligament Ex: 1 abnormal root with ankylosis and 1 normal root
56
What is the treatment protocol for Type 1 tooth resorption?
Extraction **DON'T USE POWER TOOLS**
57
What is the treatment protocol for Type 2 tooth resorption?
- Monitor + annual recheck rads if no evidence of inflammation, pulpitis, or lesions open to oral cavity - If advanced, consider crown amputation
58
What is the treatment protocol for Type 3 tooth resorption?
Extract the part of the tooth that has no replacement/no ankylosis + Crown amputation for the part of the tooth showing ankylosis
59
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SEM 5: SAM 1 (35 decks)

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