PE of the Resp System Flashcards
_________ is considered the “large airways”
URT
(Nose, sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, extrathoracic trachea)
What parts of the body are considered URT?
Nose, sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, extrathoracic trachea
_________ is considered the “small airways”
Bronchi and bronchioles
(In the LRT)
What parts of the body are considered LRT?
Intrathoracic trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, pulmonary parenchyma, pulmonary arteries and veins, thoracic wall, diaphragm, etc.
Explain the characteristics of normal lung or breath sounds
- Low frequency, quiet
- Loudest during inspiration
- Louder as ventilation increases (panting)
________ refers to an abnormal lung sounds
“Adventitial”
Lung sounds may also be referred to as _________
Bronchovesicular sounds
Bronchial or tracheal sounds have a _________ frequency compared to lung sounds
Higher
(louder sounds from bronchi and trachea than from lungs)
Which of the following would you expect to hear muffled lung sounds?
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Pleural effusion
C. Pneumonia
B. Pleural effusion
___________ is a discontinuous, low pitched fluttering sound
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
D. Stertor
(URT sound)
___________ is a continuous, high pitched sound
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
C. Stridor
(URT sound)
___________ is a discontinuous, “popping” sound
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
A. Crackles
(LRT sound)
___________ is a continuous, “squeaking” sound
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
B. Wheezes
(LRT sound)
Which of the following abnormal respiratory sounds originates from the nasal and/or pharyngeal regions?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
D. Stertor
(URT sound)
Which of the following abnormal respiratory sounds originates from the larynx and/or extrathoracic regions?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
C. Stridor
(URT sound)
Which of the following abnormal respiratory sounds is caused by narrowing (bronchoconstriction) of small airways?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
Wheezes
(LRT sound)
Where do fine crackle sounds originate from, and when are they heard (inspiration/expiration/both)?
Alveolar or bronchiolar regions, heard during the end of inspiration
Where do harsh, course crackle sounds originate from, and when are they heard (inspiration/expiration/both)?
Central airways, heard during inspiration or expiration
Which of the following usually occurs in association with expiratory dysfunction?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
B. Wheezes
When is stridor usually heard?
During inspiration, but may be heard during expiration
Which abnormal respiratory sounds can be heard in a patient with laryngeal paralysis?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
C. Stridor
(URT sound originating from the larynx)
Which abnormal respiratory sounds are most likely to be heard in a brachycephalic with stenotic nares?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
D. Stertor
(URT sound originating from the nasal and/or pharyngeal region)
When is stertor usually heard?
During inspiration, but may be heard during expiration
(same as stridor)
How does a patient compensate with a restrictive breathing pattern?
Shallow, rapid breaths - Decrease tidal volume and increase rate
How does a patient with an obstructive breathing pattern compensate?
Taking slow, deep breaths - Decrease rate of inspiration or expiration
If obstruction in URT: Prolonged inspiration
If obstruction in the LRT: Prolonged expiration
How does a patient with an upper airway obstruction compensate?
- Taking slow, deep breaths
- Prolonged inspiration
How does a patient with a lower airway obstruction compensate?
- Taking slow, deep breaths
- Prolonged expiration
True or False: Stertor is often exacerbated by activity and may be absent at rest
FALSE - Stridor
True or False: Stertor is often more pronounced during rest/sleep
True
Which abnormal respiratory sounds can be heard in a patient with pulmonary edema?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
A. Crackles
Which abnormal respiratory sounds can be heard in a patient with pneumonia?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
A. Crackles
Which abnormal respiratory sounds can be heard in a patient with pulmonary fibrosis?
A. Crackles
B. Wheezes
C. Stridor
D. Stertor
A. Crackles
