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SEM 5: SAM 1 > Conjunctiva > Flashcards

Conjunctiva Flashcards

1
Q

What cells predominate on a conjunctival cytology in a patient with conjunctivitis?

A

Epithelial cells and neutrophils

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1
Q

What is epiphora?

A

Excessive tearing

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2
Q

What part of the conjunctiva is responsible for producing the normal mucinous layer of the tear film?

A

Goblet cells

(increased production results in mucoid ocular discharge)

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3
Q

What is the function of goblet cells within the conjunctiva of the eye?

A
  • Produces the mucinous layer of the tear film normally
  • Inflammation triggers increased production and mucoid discharge
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4
Q

Why is mucopurulent discharge often seen with quantitative KCS?

A

Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva leads to increased mucin production by goblet cells, which then creates a favorable media for bacterial growth

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5
Q

Where are lymphoid follicles of the eye normally located?

A

Bulbar surface of the 3rd eyelid

always abnormal if present anywhere else

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6
Q

Lymphoid follicles found in places other than the bulbar surface of the 3rd eyelid indicates?

A
  • Nonspecific antigenic stimulation
  • Likely primary conjunctivitis
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7
Q

What does conjunctival hyperemia suggest?

A

Superficial irritation

Ex: conjunctivitis, superficial corneal ulcer, KCS

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8
Q

What is episcleral injection and what is it suggestive of?

A

Congestion of deeper larger eye vessels

Suggestive of deeper inflammation

Ex: Deep corneal ulcer, uveitis, glaucoma, episcleritis

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in dogs?

A

KCS / dry eye

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10
Q

List canine disorders of the conjunctiva

A
  1. KCS
  2. Allergic conjunctivitis
  3. Infectious conjunctivitis (Adenovirus, Herpesvirus, Distemper)
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11
Q

What are infectious causes of conjunctivitis in dogs?

A
  1. Adenovirus
  2. Herpesvirus
  3. Distemper

(primary conjunctivitis… which is less common)

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12
Q

What are clinical signs that can be seen with primary conjunctivitis?

A
  • Blepharospasm
  • Epiphora
  • Mucoid discharge
  • Hyperemia
  • Lymphoid follicles

(Viral conjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis are primary causes although rare)

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13
Q

What are the possible treatment options for canine patients with conjunctivitis?

A
  • Treat underlying cause (allergy vs viral)
  • NeoPolyDex
  • Diclofenac
  • Optimmune (Cyclosporine)

(topical anti-inflammatories are mainstay tx options)

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14
Q

List the most common causes of feline conjunctivitis in order of prevalence

A
  1. Herpesvirus
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Mycoplasma
  4. Calicivirus

**Only herpesvirus causes inflammation of both the conjunctiva AND cornea)

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of keratoconjunctivitis in cats?

A

Feline herpesvirus

16
Q

What clinical signs in cats are suggestive of feline herpesvirus?

A
  1. Blepharospasm
  2. Epiphora
  3. Mucoid discharge
  4. URT infection !!
  5. Hyperemia
  6. Conjunctival AND corneal ulceration
  7. Dendritic (branching) corneal ulceration (pathognomonic)
  8. Symblepharon
17
Q

What cranial nerve can be affected in cats with herpesvirus?

A

CN V, invades sensory nerve endings, remains latent in trigeminal nerve

18
Q

What is the redrudescence phase of feline herpesvirus?

A
  • Latent virus becomes reactivated by stress, steroids, co-infection, etc
19
Q

What is a pathognomonic findings in cats with herpesvirus?

A
  • Dendritic (branching) corneal ulcers
  • Keratic precipitates ventrally
20
Q

What is symblepharon?

A

Permanent adhesion between the conjunctiva and cornea

(happens with herpesvirus in cats)

21
Q

What is the treatment protocol for cats with herpesvirus infection?

A
  1. Topical Cidofovir
  2. Famciclovir PO
  3. Topical erythromycin Abx for supportive care
22
Q

What is feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Autoimmune disorder of the conjunctiva that may be related to feline herpesvirus

23
Q

What is the most specific finding in cats with feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Raised white or yellow corneal and/or conjunctival infiltrates on the eye

24
Q

What is the treatment protocol for cats with feline eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis?

A
  • Cyclosporine (to suppress immune system)
  • Topical NSAID (or steroid if 100% certain of no ulcer)
  • Cidofovir or Famcyclovir (antivirals)
25
Q

What clinical signs can be suggestive of chlamydia in cats?

A

- Chemosis (most specific CS, all others non specific)
- Blepharospasm
- Epiphora
- Mucoid/purulent discharge
- Hyperemia

will not see corneal or conjunctival ulceration

26
Q

What is the treatment protocol for cats with chlamydia?

A
  • Topical tetracyclines or erythromycin
  • Doxycycline PO (not great… esophageal strictures in cats)

Treat for 3 weeks minimum!!

27
Q

What is the treatment protocol for cats with mycoplasma?

A
  • Topical tetracyclines or erythromycin
  • Doxycycline PO (not great… esophageal strictures in cats)

Treat for 3 weeks minimum!!

(same tx as chlamydia)

28
Q

What is a pathognomonic clinical sign seen in cats with calicivirus?

A

Oral ulcers

29
Q

What is the treatment protocol for cats with calicivirus conjunctivitis?

A

Topical erythromycin

SEM 5: SAM 1 (35 decks)

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