SLS20 Chapter 5, Parts 2-5: Sleep, Drugs, Hypnosis Flashcards
altered states of consciousness
Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind
circadian rhythm
A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle
REM sleep
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity
electrooculograph (EOG)
An instrument that measures eye movements
insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
sleep apnea
A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep
somnambulism (sleepwalking)
Occurs when the person arises and walks around while asleep
narcolepsy
A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities
sleep paralysis
The experience of waking up unable to move
night terrors (or sleep terrors)
Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal
manifest content
A dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning
latent content
A dream’s true underlying meaning
activation-synthesis model
The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep
Psychoactive drug
A chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system
drug tolerance
The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect
depressants
Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system
expectancy theory
The idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations
balanced placebo design
A study design in which behavior is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus
alcohol myopia
A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations
stimulants
Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels
narcotics (opiates)
Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain
hallucinogens
Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations
marijuana
The leaves and buds of the hemp plant
harm reduction approach
A response to high-risk behaviors that focuses on reducing the harm such behaviors have on people’s lives
