SLS20 Chapter 5, Parts 2-5: Sleep, Drugs, Hypnosis

Question 1

altered states of consciousness

Answer 1

Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind

Question 2

circadian rhythm

Answer 2

A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle

Question 3

REM sleep

Answer 3

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity

Question 4

electrooculograph (EOG)

Answer 4

An instrument that measures eye movements

Question 5

insomnia

Answer 5

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

Question 6

sleep apnea

Answer 6

A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep

Question 7

somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Answer 7

Occurs when the person arises and walks around while asleep

Question 8

narcolepsy

Answer 8

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities

Question 9

sleep paralysis

Answer 9

The experience of waking up unable to move

Question 10

night terrors (or sleep terrors)

Answer 10

Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

Question 11

manifest content

Answer 11

A dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning

Question 12

latent content

Answer 12

A dream’s true underlying meaning

Question 13

activation-synthesis model

Answer 13

The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep

Question 14

Psychoactive drug

Answer 14

A chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system

Question 15

drug tolerance

Answer 15

The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect

Question 16

depressants

Answer 16

Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system

Question 17

expectancy theory

Answer 17

The idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

Question 18

balanced placebo design

Answer 18

A study design in which behavior is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus

Question 19

alcohol myopia

Answer 19

A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations

Question 20

stimulants

Answer 20

Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels

Question 21

narcotics (opiates)

Answer 21

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain

Question 22

hallucinogens

Answer 22

Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations

Question 23

marijuana

Answer 23

The leaves and buds of the hemp plant

Question 24

harm reduction approach

Answer 24

A response to high-risk behaviors that focuses on reducing the harm such behaviors have on people’s lives

Question 25

hypnosis

Answer 25

An altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that one’s actions are occurring involuntarily

Question 26

posthypnotic amnesia

Answer 26

The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget

Question 27

hypnotic analgesia

Answer 27

The reduction of pain through hypnosis i people who are susceptible to hypnosis

Question 28

meditation

Answer 28

The practice of intentional contemplation