SLS20 Chapter 10: Intelligence Flashcards
intelligence
The ability to direct one’s thinking, adapt to one’s circumstances, and learn from one’s experiences
ratio IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100
deviation IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100 (see ratio IQ)
factor analysis
A statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors
two-factor theory of intelligence
Spearman’s theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of a general ability (which he called g) and skills that are specific to the task (which he called s)
fluid intelligence
The ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences
crystallized intelligence
The ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience
prodigy
A person of normal intelligence who has an extraordinary ability
savant
A person of low intelligence who has an extraordinary ability
emotional intelligence (EQ)
The ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning
fraternal twins (dizygotic twins)
Twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm
identical twins (monozygotic twins)
Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm
heritability coefficient
A statistic (commonly denoted as h^2), that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genes
shared environment
Those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household (see nonshared environment)
nonshared environment
Those environmental factors that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household
