Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro - block 1 > slide flashcards W1D1 > Flashcards

slide flashcards W1D1

1
Q

taratogen (def)

A

environmental factors (toxins, viruses, etc) that disrupt embryonic or fetal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

trisomy (def)

A

3 copies of a chromosome (down syndrome is example of non-lethal trisomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a baby called from weeks 3-8

A

embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

during what period is a baby an embryo

A

weeks 3-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a baby called from weeks 9-40

A

fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when is a baby called a fetus

A

weeks 9-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the phase called before a baby is an embryo

A

preimplantation phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many days post conception does gastrolation occur

A

13-19 days post conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is invagination

A

the formation of the primitive streak along midline (during gastrolation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in a blastocyst, what are the two components

A

epiblast and hypoblast (fluid filled cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the trophoblast and what does it become

A

cells forming edge of blastula/blastocyst that becomes the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a notochord

A

rod-like structure that defines the midline of the embryo and the position of CNS also sends signals to the ectoderm above to differentiate into the neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the ectoderm thickens and grows into the BLANK over the BLANK

A

the ectoderm thickens and grows in the NEURAL PLATE over the NOTOCHORD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the cell devides from the midline (what stucture is there)

A

primitive streak notochord determins midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cells continue deviding some faster than others forming the BLANK

A

neural groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ridges of the neural ggroove join forming the BLANK which eventualy becomes the BLANK

A

ridges of the neural groove join forming the NEURAL TUBE wich eventually becomes the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ectoderm columns are pinched off from each side of the neural tube (the sides of the neural tube are called the BLANK) which become BLANK and BLANK

A

ectoderm columns are pinched off from each side of the neural tube (called the NEURAL CREST) which eventually become sensory and autonomic ganglia (PNS)

18
Q

what is the neural crest

A

ectoderm cells next to neural groove that are pinched off and become sensory and autonomic ganglia (PNS)

19
Q

what does the notochord become in adult humans

A

nucleous pulposes in spine

20
Q

what happens during prenatal developement if there is excessive vitamin a

A

can impede neural tube closer and differentiation

21
Q

what are the meninges

A

protective membrains covering + surrounding brain

22
Q

name the three meninges from out to in

A

dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia matter

23
Q

through which layer of meninges do blood vessels flow

A

arachnoid matter/space

24
Q

stem cell definition

A

a single cell that can either 1. replicate itself or 2. differentiate into many different cell types

25
Q

what are the two zones during neurogenesis

A

ventricular and marginal zone

26
Q

cells in the ventricular zone during neurogenesis will BLANK

A

continue to devide/devide again

27
Q

cells in the marginal zone during neurogenesis will BLANK

A

eventually leave the ventricular zone and will differentiate into either neurons or glial cells

28
Q

how do cells know where to go in brain + how do they get there

A

migrating cells ‘climb’ along radial glia and move away from ventricular layer, the migrating cells release molecules that guide other cells

29
Q

what are radial glia cells

A

Cells. That. aid in cell migration (migrating cells ‘climb’ the radial glia)

30
Q

where do radial glia cells come from

A

neuroepithelial cells

31
Q

are radial glia cells precurser neurons

A

yes, radial glia are a type of precurser neuron cell and produce neuroblasts and glioblasts

32
Q

what is lissencephaly

A

brain with no folds

33
Q

the fate of a differentiating cell depends on both BLANK and BLANK

A

the fate of a differentiating cell depends on both its GENETIC PROGRAM and CHEMICAL SIGNALS it receives from its surroundings

34
Q

gene expression is effected by BLANK to BLANK interactions

A

CELL to CELL interactions

35
Q

what is process outgrowth

A

the extensive growth of young axons and dendrites

36
Q

how do axons know where to point/go

A

guided by attracting chemical signals released by target cells

37
Q

extensions at the tips of axons and dendrites are called BLANK

A

growth cones

38
Q

why does neuronal cell death ocur

A

competition for synaptic sites, size of the target area, competition for chemicals (food), neurotropic factors

39
Q

what makes neurotropic factors

A

target cells

40
Q

what is a neurotropic factor

A

protien produced by target cell(s) which regulate expression of genes and affect development of the neuron

41
Q

what 2 things influence synaptic survival/not dying

A

neural activity (use or lack of use) and neurotrophic factors

42
Q

what does enrichment/an enriched environment effect (4)?

A
  • more glial cells per neuron
  • thicker cerebral cortex
  • increased dendritic complexity
  • increased synaptic efficacy

neuro - block 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions