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Nursing Fundamentals > Sleep And Rest > Flashcards

Sleep And Rest Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sleep?

A

A cyclically occurring state of decreased motor activity and perception. Body functions slow and metabolism falls to 20-30% conserving energy.
It is characterized by an altered state of so scrounges.

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2
Q

What is the main characteristic of sleep

A

It is an altered level of consciousness where the person is unaware of her surroundings and responds selectively to external stimuli.

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3
Q

What is the difference between sleep and rest?

A

At rest the body is disturbed by all exterior stimuli

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4
Q

What are believed to be some the effects of sleep?

A 
Energy restoration
Tissue repair
Strengthening if the immune system
Improved learning and adaptation
Facilitation of long-term memory
Reduction of stress and anxiety
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5
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for newborns (birth-4wks)?

A

16 to 20 hrs per day

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6
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for infants (4wks-1yr)?

A

14 to 16 hrs per day

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7
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for toddlers (1-3yrs)?

A

12 to 14 hrs per day

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8
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for preschoolers (3-6yrs)?

A

11 to 13 hrs per day

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9
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for middle and late childhood (6-12yrs)?

A

10-11 hrs per day

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10
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for adolescents (12-18yrs)?

A

8-9 hr per day

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11
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for young adults (18-40yrs)?

A

7-8 hrs per day

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12
Q

What is the average sleep requirements for older adults (65+)?

A

5-7 hr per day

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13
Q

What is the circadian rhythm?

A

A biorhythm based on the 24hr day/night cycle. It is regulated by the hypothalamus which responds to changing levels of light.

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14
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

A collection of brain cells in the brain stem responsible for maintaining wakefulness.
It is activated by stimuli from the cerebral cortex.

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15
Q

What is the reticular activating system and of what is it made?

A

It is composed of the reticular and cortical neurons and is responsible for both excitatory and inhibitory sleep mechanisms.
Neurotransmitters include catecholamines, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and prostaglandins.

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16
Q

What is an electroencephalogram? (EEG)

A

Machine used to record the activity of neurons in the brain,

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17
Q

Which brain waves are high-frequency, medium-amplitude, irregular waves?

A

Alpha waves

18
Q

Which brain waves are high-frequency, low-amplitude, irregular waves?

A

Beta waves

19
Q

Which brain waves are high-amplitude waves that are common in children but rare in adults?

A

Theta waves

20
Q

What brain waves are low-frequency, high-amplitude, regular waves common in deep sleep?

A

Delta waves

21
Q

What are the two types of sleep?

A

NREM - non rapid eye movement

REM - rapid eye movement

22
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 1 sleep?

A 
Light sleep
Easily awakened
Groggy feeling
Deep regular breathing and rolling eye movement
Lasts 5-10 min or 5% of total sleep
Mostly alpha waves w/ som theta waves
23
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 2 sleep?

A 
Light sleep 
Easily roused
Eye movements still
T, HR, BP decrease slightly
Lasts for 10-15 min or 50% of total sleep
24
Q

What are the characteristics of stage III sleep?

A 
Slow wave, deep sleep
Difficult to rouse
Skeletal muscles relax
Snoring possible
Parasympathetic nervous system takes over (T, HR, BP decrease further)
Lasts 5-15 min or 8% total sleep
25
Q

What are the characteristics of stage IV sleep?

A 
Deepest sleep, difficult to rouse
Body, mind, muscles very relaxed
PNS still dominates 
Confusion upon arousal possible
Lasts 20-50 min or 11% total sleep
26
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage V (REM) sleep?

A 
Paradoxical sleep
Brain waves most like awakened mind but muscle and tendon movement depressed
Gastric secretions increase
Apnea may occur
Metabolism, T, BP, and pulse increase
Small muscle twitches
If awakened, will react normally
Important for mental and emotional restoration
Lasts 5-30 min or 25% total sleep
27
Q

How does age affect sleep?

A 
You need less sleep as you age
Percent of REM sleep varies
Newborns and infants - prolonged
Young adults - 25%
Older adults - sig. Less REM
28
Q

What are some lifestyle factors that affect sleep?

A 
Exercise
Foods consumed
Nicotine and caffeine
Alcohol consumption 
Medications
29
Q

How does exercise affect sleep?

A

Promotes sleep when done 2 hours before sleep

However, the more fatigued a person the shorter the first cycle of REM

30
Q

How does food affect sleep?

A

Meals high in saturated fat may interfere with sleep
Carbohydrates promote relaxation
L-tryptophan may help induce sleep but may also be linked with increased alertness and concentration
Satiation induces sleep

31
Q

How does nicotine affect sleep?

A

Causes difficulty sleeping
More easily roused
Withdrawal causes sleep disturbances

32
Q

How does caffeine affect sleep?

A

Caffeine blocks adenosine and inhibits sleep

Affects vary widely across population

33
Q

How does alcohol affect sleep?

A

May hasten onset of sleep
However, disrupts REM sleep and slow wave sleep
May cause spontaneous awakenings
Is a diuretic and may cause nocturia.

34
Q

How do hypnotics affect sleep?

A

They induce sleep but reduce the quality.

35
Q

How do amphetemines, tranquilizer so and antidepressants affect sleep?

A

They reduce the amount of REM sleep.

36
Q

How do opiates affect sleep?

A

They suppress REM sleep, causing frequent awakening.

37
Q

How do barbiturates affect sleep

A

They interfere with NREM sleep and reduce REM.

38
Q

How do beta blockers affect sleep?

A

Cause insomnia and nightmares.

39
Q

How does illness affect sleep?

A

Increased need for sleep
Fear, pain and unfamiliar settings may disrupt sleep
Medications affect quality of sleep.
Anxiety increases gastric secretions, intestinal mobility, heart rate and respirations contributing to restlessness.

40
Q

What is a dyssomnia?

A

A sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness
Insomnia
Sleep-awake schedule (circadian) disorder
Sleep apnea
Restless leg syndrome
Hypersomnia
Narcolepsia

41
Q

What is a parasomnia?

A

Patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep.

Sleepwalking

42
Q

What is rest?

A

A condition in which the body is inactive or engaging in mild activity, after which the person feels relaxed and free of anxiety and stress. I.g. Reading, watching tv, listening to music etc.

Nursing Fundamentals (24 decks)

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