Sleep And Rest Flashcards
What is sleep?
A cyclically occurring state of decreased motor activity and perception. Body functions slow and metabolism falls to 20-30% conserving energy.
It is characterized by an altered state of so scrounges.
What is the main characteristic of sleep
It is an altered level of consciousness where the person is unaware of her surroundings and responds selectively to external stimuli.
What is the difference between sleep and rest?
At rest the body is disturbed by all exterior stimuli
What are believed to be some the effects of sleep?
Energy restoration Tissue repair Strengthening if the immune system Improved learning and adaptation Facilitation of long-term memory Reduction of stress and anxiety
What is the average sleep requirements for newborns (birth-4wks)?
16 to 20 hrs per day
What is the average sleep requirements for infants (4wks-1yr)?
14 to 16 hrs per day
What is the average sleep requirements for toddlers (1-3yrs)?
12 to 14 hrs per day
What is the average sleep requirements for preschoolers (3-6yrs)?
11 to 13 hrs per day
What is the average sleep requirements for middle and late childhood (6-12yrs)?
10-11 hrs per day
What is the average sleep requirements for adolescents (12-18yrs)?
8-9 hr per day
What is the average sleep requirements for young adults (18-40yrs)?
7-8 hrs per day
What is the average sleep requirements for older adults (65+)?
5-7 hr per day
What is the circadian rhythm?
A biorhythm based on the 24hr day/night cycle. It is regulated by the hypothalamus which responds to changing levels of light.
What is the reticular formation?
A collection of brain cells in the brain stem responsible for maintaining wakefulness.
It is activated by stimuli from the cerebral cortex.
What is the reticular activating system and of what is it made?
It is composed of the reticular and cortical neurons and is responsible for both excitatory and inhibitory sleep mechanisms.
Neurotransmitters include catecholamines, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and prostaglandins.
What is an electroencephalogram? (EEG)
Machine used to record the activity of neurons in the brain,
Which brain waves are high-frequency, medium-amplitude, irregular waves?
Alpha waves
Which brain waves are high-frequency, low-amplitude, irregular waves?
Beta waves
Which brain waves are high-amplitude waves that are common in children but rare in adults?
Theta waves
What brain waves are low-frequency, high-amplitude, regular waves common in deep sleep?
Delta waves
What are the two types of sleep?
NREM - non rapid eye movement
REM - rapid eye movement
What are the characteristics of stage 1 sleep?
Light sleep Easily awakened Groggy feeling Deep regular breathing and rolling eye movement Lasts 5-10 min or 5% of total sleep Mostly alpha waves w/ som theta waves
What are the characteristics of stage 2 sleep?
Light sleep Easily roused Eye movements still T, HR, BP decrease slightly Lasts for 10-15 min or 50% of total sleep
What are the characteristics of stage III sleep?
Slow wave, deep sleep Difficult to rouse Skeletal muscles relax Snoring possible Parasympathetic nervous system takes over (T, HR, BP decrease further) Lasts 5-15 min or 8% total sleep
