Ethics & Values; Legal Issues - Nursing Fun Ch 44 and 45 Flashcards
What is the definition of moral behavior?
Behavior that is in accordance with custom or tradition and usually reflects personal or religious beliefs
What is the definition of ethics?
A systematic study of what is right and wrong conduct in situations that involve issues of values and morals
What is the definition of bioethics?
Refers to the application of ethical principles to every area of health care
What is nursing ethics?
A subset of bioethics which refers to the ethical questions that arise from the practice of nursing
Why should nurses study ethics?
- you will encounter ethical questions frequently in work
- ethics is central to nursing and nursing care
- multidisciplinary input is important
- ethical knowledge is necessary for professional competence
- ethical reasoning is necessary for nursing to be taken seriously
- ethical proficiency is essential for providing holistic care
- nurses should advocate for patients
- studying ethics will help you to make better decisions
What is the definition of advocacy?
The communication and defense of of the rights and interests of another
What is the definition of moral agency or ethical agency?
The ability of nurses to base their practice on professional standards of ethical conduct and to participate in ethical decision making.
To have choices and responsibility for their actions
Moral distress
The stress caused by situational pressures that prevent a nurse from acting on their moral decisions
What is the definition of impaired nursing practice
When a nurses ability to perform the essential functions of nursing is diminished by chemical dependence on drugs, alcohol or mental illness
What are some Societal factors that give rise to ethical problems?
- Increased consumer awareness
- Technological advances
- Multicultural population
- Cost containment
What is the definition of a value?
A belief that you have about the worth of something
What is the definition of morals?
Private,personal, or group standards of right and wrong
What factors affect moral decisions?
Values, beliefs and beliefs
What is the definition of an attitude?
Mental dispositions or feelings toward a person, object, or idea.
What is the definition of a belief
Something that one accepts as true
What is the definition of personal value system?
Set of values that you have reflected on and chosen that will help you to lead a good life.
What is value neutrality?
An attempt to understand our own values regarding an issue and to know when to put them aside, if necessary, to become non-judge mental when providing care to clients
What factors affect moral decisions?
Values, beliefs and beliefs
What is the definition of an attitude?
Mental dispositions or feelings toward a person, object, or idea.
What is the definition of a belief
Something that one accepts as true
What is the definition of personal value system?
Set of values that you have reflected on and chosen that will help you to lead a good life.
What is value neutrality?
An attempt to understand our own values regarding an issue and to know when to put them aside, if necessary, to become non-judge mental when providing care to clients
What is the autonomy model?
Emphasizes patient autonomy as the highest value
What is the patient benefit model?
Assists in decision making for the incompetent or incapacitated patient by using substituted judgement. I.e. What would Alan want if he were capable of making the choice?
What is the social justice model?
Helps make decisions based on broad social issues involving the whole institution, rather than a single patient issue.
What are the steps of the MORAL model of decision making?
M- massage the dilemma O- outline the options R- resolve the dilemma A- act by applying the chosen option L- look back and evaluate
From what sources are laws derived?
- The constitutions of federal and state governments
- Federal and state legislatures
- Administrative agencies
- Courts
What law ensures public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay.
Emergency medical treatment and active labor act (EMTALA)
What law collects and provides information related to
1) medical malpractice payments
2) adverse actions taken against clinical providers 3) actions by professional adversely affecting membership
The Health care quality improvement act of 1996 (HCQIA)
What law provides a national mandate for eliminating discrimination against people with disabilities?
The American with disabilities act (ADA)
What law requires healthcare agencies to give patients written information about their rights to make healthcare decisions?
The patient self-determination act (PSDA)
What are the two types of advanced directives
1) A living will
2) A durable power of attorney
What is the law that right to privacy and prevents health plans from discriminating against people based on their medical condition.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DSSH), Health Insurance Portability Act (HIPAA).
What law increases the stay for a mother and newborn child following birth and for how long?
The Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act of 1996 (NMHPA)
48 hrs for vaginal delivery
96 hrs for cesarean section
This act gave recognition to collective bargaining and gives nurses the right to form and join unions, to elect representatives, and participate in negotiations and collective bargaining.
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA)
Under these state laws, nurses must report to designated authorities suspected physical, sexual, emotional, or verbal abuse or neglect by healthcare workers or family workers.
Elder (>60) and minor abuse in the form financial exploitation is also covered.
Mandatory reporting laws
Good Samaritan laws provide…
Protection for nurses (and others) who provide care to injured persons. Most states do not require that citizens stop and provide aid. The nurse must
- Provide voluntary aid
- The injured person must not object to the aid
- Your actions must be in good faith
Nursing practice acts are
State laws that are designed to
- Protect patients and society
- Define the scope of nursing practice
- Identify the minimum level of nursing care that must be provided to clients
What are the moral principles?
Autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, fidelity,veracity, and justice
What is autonomy?
a person’s right to choose and his ability to act on that choice
What is nonmaleficence?
the dual duty to do no harm and to prevent harm
What is beneficence?
the duty to do or promote good
What is fidelity?
the obligation to keep promises.
What is veracity?
the duty to tell the truth
What is justice?
the obligation to be fair. There are three kinds
Distributive justice
Compensatory justice
Procedural justice
What is distributive justice?
justice that requires fair distribution of both benefits and burdens
What is compensatory justice?
justice focused on compensation for wrongs that have been done to individuals or groups
What is procedural justice?
justice that is relevant in processes that require ranking or ordering.
What is a moral framework?
systems of thought that are the basis for the differing perspectives people have in ethical situations.
What is consequentialism?
theories where the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the act rather than on the act itself
What is deontology?
a theory where decisions are based on moral rules and unchanging principles
What is utilitarianism?
states that an act must result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
What are ethics-of-care?
a nursing philosophy, directs attention to the specific situations of individual patients viewed within the context of their life narrative
