Med Admin

Question 1

what is the pure food and drug act

Answer 1

in 1906 it established official standards for listing or labeling dangerous and addictive ingredients; set standardsfor proper labeling of medications

Question 2

What is the comprehensive drug abuse and control act

Answer 2

Classified drugs by abuse potential and medical usefulness; regulated manufacture, distribution, and sale of controlled substances; provided for treatment and rehabilitation for drug abuse and dependence

Question 3

what is the orphan drug act?

Answer 3

in 1983 it provided tax credits to companies to develop drugs used to treat rare diseases

Question 4

what is the food and drug administration act

Answer 4

in 1988 it established the FDA within the department of health and human services

Question 5

What are controlled substances?

Answer 5

-drugs considered to have either limited medical use or high potential for abuse or addiction.

• It is illegal to possess w/o a prescription under the 1970 comprehensive drug abuse and control act.
• must be double-locked, counted and verified at specific times.
• includes narcotics & anti-anxiety meds

Question 6

U.S. drug legislation controls

Answer 6

• sets official drug standards
• defines prescription drugs
• regulates controlled substances
• improves safety
• requires proof of efficacy

Question 7

Nurse practice acts…

Answer 7

identify nursing responsibilities for administration and client monitoring

Question 8

What are the four types of systems for medication storage?

Answer 8

Stock supply
Unit dose
Automated dispensing system
Self-administration

Question 9

what are the features of stock supply?

Answer 9

• bulk quantities
• central location
• not client-specific
• cost effective
• potential for measurement error w/each dose

Question 10

what are the features of unit dose systems?

Answer 10

• individually packaged
• client-specific drawers
• 24-hour supply
• safest method of due to double-check between pharm and nurse
• saves time

Question 11

what are the features of automated dispenser systems?

Answer 11

• password-accessible locked cart
• computerized tracking
• can combine stock and unit doses

-meds available on the unit so new orders do not have to go through pharmacy and are immediately available

Question 12

what are the features of self-administration systems?

Answer 12

• individual containers
• kept at client’s bedside
• promotes independence
• allows for evaluation of pt effectiveness at admin. their own meds

Question 13

what is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 13

refers to what happens to the drug in the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion).

These determine the intensity and duration of a drug’s actions

Question 14

What factors affect drug absorption?

Answer 14

depends on the

• route of administration
• form of the drug
• drug solubility
• effects of pH
• blood flow to the area
• pain
• stress
• hunger
• fasting
• food
• exercise

Question 15

For a drug to have a systemic effect it must

Answer 15

be absorbed into the bloodstream before it can be distributed to a distant location

Question 16

What does solubility of medication refer to

Answer 16

the ability of a medication to be transformed into a liquid form that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 17

An enteric-coated drug cannot

Answer 17

be decomposed by gastric secretions; thus the medication is not diluted before it reaches the intestines.

Question 18

Timed-release (sustained release) meds dissolve

Answer 18

slowly, releasing small amounts for absorption over several hours.

Question 19

oral preparations must be

Answer 19

water soluble so that they can dissolve in the aqueous contents of the GI tract

Question 20

Liquids are absorbed

Answer 20

faster than tabs or caps b/c they are already dissolved

Question 21

Drugs must be _____ ______ in order to cross cell membranes

Answer 21

lipid soluble (at least somewhat)

Question 22

How does acidity affect absorption of meds?

Answer 22

Higher acidity in the stomach (and med) aids in the transportation of meds across the mucous membrane.

Question 23

Ionized molecules in meds …

Answer 23

are lipid insoluble and thus, cannot pass easily through cell membranes

Question 24

How does blood flow affect absorption?

Answer 24

Area where blood flow to the tissue is greatest have rapid absorption of meds

Question 25

How does pain affect absorption?

Answer 25

can slow gastric emptying time, thus increasing absorption time

Question 26

How does stress affect absorption?

Answer 26

can slow gastric emptying time, thus increasing absorption time

Question 27

How does hunger affect absorption?

Answer 27

reduces absorption rates

Question 28

How does fasting affect absorption rates?

Answer 28

reduces absorption rates (typically the longer the fasting, the slower the absorption)

Question 29

How does food affect absorption rates?

Answer 29

can either increase or decrease depending on the drug. Usually decreases

Question 30

How does exercise affect absorption rates?

Answer 30

decreases blood flow to the GI tract and thus decreases absorption rates

Question 31

What is distribution?

Answer 31

transportation of a drug in body fluids (usually bloodstream) to the various tissues and organs of the body.

Question 32

What factors affect distribution?

Answer 32

• local blood flow
• membrane permeability
• protein-binding capacity

Question 33

How does local blood flow affect distribution

Answer 33

increased vascularity/circulation increases absorption rates.

Therefore vasodilation increases absorption and vasoconstriction decreases absorption

Question 34

How does membrane permeability affect distribution?

Answer 34

some membranes can act as barriers (i.e. blood-brain barrier)

Question 35

How does protein-binding capacity affect distribution

Answer 35

Only free, unbound molecules can produce pharmacological effects; THEREFORE, the greater the protein-binding capacity, the lower the distribution.

Question 36

What is metabolism in med admin?

Answer 36

aka biotransformation, is the chemical inactivation/conversion of a drug

Question 37

Metabolism mainly takes place in the

Answer 37

liver

Question 38

If liver function decreases the drug will be eliminated…

Answer 38

more slowly

Question 39

What is the first-pass effect?

Answer 39

The inactivation of an oral medication after absorption through the GI tract and circulation through the liver before reaching systemic circulation.

Question 40

How does disease status affect metabolism?

Answer 40

It can affect the speed of metabolism. For instance, elixirs that are high in sugars being given to a diabetic will be absorbed very slowly.

Question 41

In order to bypass the first-pass effect, what routes of administration could be substituted for oral meds?

Answer 41

sublingual or IV bypass the GI tract.

Question 42

How can drugs be excreted?

Answer 42

through the 
kidneys
liver and GI tract
lungs
exocrine glands

Question 43

Factors affecting excretion are

Answer 43

organ function, especially the kidneys, liver and lungs.

kidney failure will change the excretion and buildup in the body. Can cause toxicity or allow meds to exit the body too soon.