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PSY 102 > sleep and consciousness > Flashcards

sleep and consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

What is consciousness?

A
  • moments to moment awareness of internal and external states
  • bodily sensations and thoughts
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2
Q

Benefits of low level conciseness

A
  • Too much consciousness would be too overwhelming for us
  • Helps us ignore irrelevant information
    • our brains would have to process too much sensory information
  • Give our brains a chance to refuel
    • Our brains don’t have an infinite amount of resources to be highly aware of everything going on
  • Ignore irrelevant information
  • Ensure that we are not over taxing out cognitive resources
    • every time our brains are being highly aware, it is depleting our cognitive resources (brain fuel)
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3
Q

levels of attention

A
  • in the scene of hamilton there is alot oc visual stimuli competing for our attention
  • in a play, the spot is light is used to cue audience where their awareness should be
  • Our attention could still be grabbed even if there is a spot light (novel stimuli) for example, smoke rises on stage during a play, which indicated potential danger
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4
Q

Cocktail party effect

A
  • During low levels of awareness your brain is attuned to stimuli that will be potentially meaningful to you
  • our brain picks up information without us having to do anything
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5
Q

Mindfulness

A
  • Rooted in Buddhist and Hindu teachings
    • journey towards enlightenment, concept of sati to attention, awareness, and being present
  • Sati: awareness that rises from paying attention on purpose, in the present moment without judgement
  • skill that is developed
    • formal and informal
    • savouring every bite of food, appreciating the texture
    • or chores like washing dishes
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6
Q

What issues can mindfulness treat?

A

Mindfulness is used to treat depression, anxiety, and addiction

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7
Q

benefits of having low awareness

A

saves cognitive reserves

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8
Q

low consciousness is similar to?

A

low consciousness is like floating and drifting in a rubber raft, very little control

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9
Q

high consciousness is similar to?

A

high consciousness, is when you have control, and you are steering yourself with a raft

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10
Q

Who invented Hypnosis? and how?

A

Franz Anton Mesmer
through Animal Magnetism

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11
Q

What does hypnosis do?

A
  • Alters state of consciousness
  • Heightened suggestibility
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12
Q

What is the induction method?

A

relaxation calmness and wellbeing

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13
Q

what changes the effects of hypnosis?

A

a patient’s empathy

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14
Q

potential clinical applications for hypnosis

A
  • addiction
  • pain (16% vs.50% reduction in pain)
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15
Q

What is hypnosis?

A
  • an altered state of consciousness with heightened suggestibility.
  • increased focus on a singular stimulus and a
    reduced awareness to peripheral stimulus.
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16
Q

Theories of hypnosis

A
  • dissociation (Ernest Hilgard)
  • Sociocognitive theories
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17
Q

what theories of hypnosis did Ernest create

A

Sociocognitive theories

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18
Q

what are the sociocognitve theories

A
  • hypnosis does not involve an altered state of consciousness
  • beliefs and expectations
  • people are role playing
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19
Q

what is the Myth of Hypnosis

A
  • Hypnosis can make you do things you don’t want
    • hypnosis may have “some” impact on suggestibility
  • Hypnosis is a sleep like state
    • brain waves
  • People under hypnosis are unaware of their surroundings
    • can recall events
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20
Q

what is Deja vu

A
  • French for “already seen”
  • relatively common phenomenon
  • association with the paranormal
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21
Q

Scientific explanations

A
  • Neuropsychology
    • people who experience seizures that originate in temporal lobe will experience deja vu
  • memory
    • triggering memory from our past that is now reaching consciousness
  • empirical studies
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22
Q

what did Dr.Anne cleary want to test

A

wanted to empirically test the concept of deja va

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23
Q

how did Dr. Anne Clearly test Deja vu

A

Putting people in virtual reality and testing if they notice the spatial resemble

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24
Q

Who was more likely to get Deja Vu?

A

more common in people who travel and watch movies

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25
Q

how does deja vu happen when to people how watch a lot of tv ?

A

watching a movie scene where a character had done that exact same thing before

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26
Q

can deja vu occur because we in fact actually experienced the situation before but forgot ?

A

yes

27
Q

can we predict correctly when we experience deja vu?

A
  • could not predict the turn accurately
  • deja vu illusion
    • when you feel like you could predict the next turn even though you can’t
    • a failure to recall specific memories
28
Q

Sleep and dreams

A
  • we spend 1/3 of our lives asleep
  • sleep helps us restore energy
  • helps process our experiences that solidifies them in memory
  • gain insights on our problems
  • leaves us feeling refreshed an alert
29
Q

what is Circadian rhythm

A

Cyclical changes in out bioligical process that occur roughly in a 24 hour basis

30
Q

Triggered by light

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus: releases melatonin

31
Q

what are some Disruptions

A
  • nights shits
  • jet lag
  • daylight saving time
32
Q

consequences

A
  • Increased car accidents
  • work accidents
  • heart attack
  • stroke
33
Q

how many stages of sleep are there

A
  • there are four sleep stages in your sleep.
34
Q

what is the first stage of sleep

A
  • theta waves -4-7x per second
  • 5-10 minutes
  • bizarre dream like images
  • hypnic myocolonia
    • involuntary twitch of one or more muscles that occur
35
Q

what is the second stage

A
  • sleep spindles - burst f electrical activity (12-14 cycles per second)
  • k complexes
    • sharp rises and decreases in brainwaves
  • 65 % of our sleep is spent here in stage 2
36
Q

what is stage 3 and 4

A
  • brain waves occurring once or twice every second
  • alcohol supresses delta waves
  • deep sleep
37
Q

what happens after stage 3 and 4?

A

our brains briefly work their way back to stage 2 before ramping up neural activity and we enter REM sleep

38
Q

what is RREM sleep

A
  • brain is active, as if we were awake
  • but our bodies are paralyzed
  • eye moves rapidly
  • short
  • dreams
39
Q

what was the REM disorder

A
  • 1 in 200 people will act our their dreams
  • animals with damage to their brain stem or have the area surgically removed will act out their dreams
40
Q

why do we dream

A
  • Freud: dream protection theory
    • wishful fulfillment - fulfill wishes that should be unacceptable to society - repress aggressive instincts
    • Freud would be interested in the underlying of the dream ex. falling = losing control
41
Q

what is a manifest content

A

content of the dream itself

42
Q

what is lantent content

A

meaning - needs interpretation

43
Q

Freud: dream protection theory

A
  • wishful fulfillment
  • manifest and latent content
44
Q

Activation synthesis theory

A
  • neurological theory
    • even though we are sleeping our neurons in the brain are still sending messages
    • the brain combines these various signals into a story or dream
  • a way to make sense of neuronal activity
45
Q

Agonists

A
  • increase activity of NT’S
  • increases endorphins that helps us manage pain : like heroin
46
Q

Antagonists

A
  • decrease activity of NT’S
  • Blocks natural NT’S from doing their jobs
  • An example of this would be antipsychotics, which inhibits dopamine and thus is used to help in the treatment of schizophrenia.
47
Q

what is Dopamine

A

reward and pleasure

48
Q

Mesolimbic dopamine pathway

A
  • ventral tegmental area (dopamine producing area)
  • Nucleus accumbens - prefrontal cortex
49
Q

function of survival

A

food and work

50
Q

What does alcohol do to you?

A
  • inhibits function of central nervous system
  • low dose: relaxation, elevated mood, dampens inhibition (liquid courage)
  • High dose: sedation, death
51
Q

alcohol is a

A

CNS depressant

Second most widley used drug

  • found throughout history and in virtually all cultures
52
Q

How do depressants work?

A
  • Depressants work by inhibiting the function of the central nervous system.
  • slows down the body’s physiological processes
53
Q

How does alcohol work?

A
  • makes it less likely for other neurons to send along its action potential
  • binds to glutamate receptors dampening its excitatory signals.
54
Q

Buzz zone

A
  • 2 standard beers
  • BAC (blood alcohol levels) 00 to .05.
  • feel relaxed, happy, and have some mild motor impairment.
55
Q

drunk zone

A
  • 4 beers in an hour
  • Our motor skills would be impaired
    • reaction time,
    • judgments would be further
      impaired
    • and we may have the drunk walk going on
56
Q

Elevated risk zone

A
  • 5 beers in an hour for females and 6 for males,
  • BAC around .12 to .15
  • washroom puking, you definitely
  • won’t be walking at this point, and there is a
  • high risk of injury from falling or from poor decision making
57
Q

High risk zone

A
  • At 7 beers in an hour for females, and 8 for males,
  • Blackout is likely, you may lose consciousness
  • risk of choking on your vomit.
58
Q

Cocaine

A
  • Coca plant: Albert Nieman
  • works on dopamine
  • norepinephrine and
  • serotonin (blocks re-uptake)\
59
Q

Wonder drug

A
  • became popular in the 1800s
  • treat: headaches, toothaches, and exhaustion
60
Q

Coca cola

A
  • Coca cola used to contain
    cocaine
61
Q

Cannabis

A

Has properties of hallucigen, depressant, and stimulants

  • 1964: Dleta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
  • Anandamide
62
Q

Opiates

A
  • Greek word for stupor
  • commonly known as opioids
  • derived from the poppy plants
  • Opiate (natural) :morphine, heroin codeine
  • opioids (synthetic): Fentanyl, methadone
63
Q

Effects of opioids

A
  • opioids can create feelings of pleasure,
    relaxation, and contentment.
  • brain stem
    • which controls things your body does
      automatically, like breathing. Here, opioids can slow breathing, stop coughing, and
      reduce feelings of pain

PSY 102 (7 decks)

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