Sleep Flashcards
Dreaming- Freud - Manifest Content
Symbolic versions of underlying latent content–> unconsious drives and wishes difficult to express
Activation- Synthesis Theory
Dreams are byproducts of brain activation during REM slep
Sleep Dyssomnias
Abnormalities in amnt, quality, or timing of sleep- to stay asleep, fall asleep, avoid sleep. 1. Insomnia- Difficulty falling or staying asleep. 2. Narcolepsy- Periodic overwhelming sleepiness during wake periods. Cataplexy- loss of muscle cotrol and sudden intrusion of REM during wakeful hours. 4. Sleep paralysis- Sensation of being unable to move despite being awake. 5. Sleep apnea- Intermittently stop breathing- could be d/t obstruction or central nervous system
parasomnias
Abnormal behaviors occuring during sleep. 1. sonambulism- sleep walking (stage 3) Night terrors- stage 3- sit up walk babble, terrified but no recall in am.
Consciousness Altering Drugs
Depressants stimulants halucinogens
Depressants
Alcohol, barbiuates and opiates. Alcohol- stimulates GABA and dopamine systems. GABA inhib NT- reduced anxiety. Dopamine - minor euphoria.
Stimulants
Caffience, Nicotine, Coocaine and Amphetamines increase relaease of NT and or reduce uptake.
Halucinogens
LSD and Marijuana
Addiction is biologically based- dopamine circuits in brainstem-
nucleus accumbens
Theories of Emotion- James Lange
Emotional experience is a result of physiological and behavioral actions
Cannon - Bard
Physiological and cognitive occur simultaneously and independently = leading to behavioral rxn and consious emotion
Schachter - Singer Theory
Physiological Response –> Consious Cognitive Interpretation–> Labeling Emotion and behavioral response
BF skinners Behaviorist Model
Language development theory that explains how infants are trained by operant conditioning
Noam Chomsky and his Language Acquisition Device
Humans have innate ability to make grammatical distinctions naturally when exposed to language at a young age
Brocas Aphasia
Expressive aphasia - lost ability to speak. Brocas area= Inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe (L hemisphere)
Wernickes Area
Comprehension of speech and written language. Wernickes aphasia is receptive aphasia . Dont have a problem producing speech, but are incapable of producing intelligable meaningful language
Conformation Bias
Tendency to focus on info that fits individuals beliefs, rejecting info that goes against this leads to overconfidence.
Intuition
Ability to act on perceptions that may not be supported by available evidence . this leads to recognition primed decision model. Sorting through extensive info to match a pattern.
IQ equation
Mental age/ chronological age x 100
Pragmatics
Dependence of language on context and pre exisiting knowledge. The manner in which we speak may differ depending on the audience and our relationship to that audience. Also affected by prosody ( the rhythm, cadence, and inflection of our voices)
Arousal Theory
People perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal. The Yerkes Dodson Law= U shaped function
Drive Reduction Theory
Motivation based on eliminating uncomfortable states
Drive
Internal state of tension that activates particular behaviors focused on goals. Create an uncomfortable state, ensuring motivation to eliminate this state
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological, Safety, Love/ Belonging, Esteem, and Self actualization
Incentive Theory
Explains that behavior is not motivated by need or arousal , but desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments
Expectancy Value Theory
Amount of motivation needed to reach a goal is the resultant of both the individuals expectation of success in reaching the goal and the degree to which she values at succeeding at that goa
Opponent Process Theory
Explains continuous drug use. Withdrawal. Explains tolerance- decrease in perceived drug effect overtime
3 Elements of emotion
- Physiological response- feeling arousal is stimulated by symp nervous system. 2. Behavioral response- facial expressions and body language. 3. Cognitive response- subjective interpretation of the feeling being experienced.
I must be angry because my skin is hot and my blood pressure is high
James Lange
I am excited because my heart is racing and everyone else is happy
Schachter Singer Theory of Emotion
