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Fundamentals of Nursing > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

rest

A

decreased state of decreased activity and result is feeling refreshed

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2
Q

sleep

A

state of rest accompanied by altered level of consciousness

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3
Q

decrease sleep affects what health

A

physical and psychlogic health

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4
Q

you need un___________ sleep

A

fragmented

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5
Q

unfragmented sleep leads to

A

increased energy, immune system, concentration, removed brain toxins

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6
Q

NREM

A

non rapid eye movement

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7
Q

how many stages of NREM

A

1-4

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8
Q

stage 1 of NREM

A

transition stage between wakefulness and sleep, very light and easy to arouse

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9
Q

stage 2 of NREM

A

light sleep, easily aroused

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10
Q

how much time is spent in stage 2 of NREM

A

50%

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11
Q

stage 3 of NREM

A

deeper sleep

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12
Q

stage 4 of NREM

A

deep sleep state (data sleep)

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13
Q

rapid eye movement

A

REM

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14
Q

how much of sleep is NREM

A

75%

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15
Q

how much of sleep is REM

A

20-25%

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16
Q

what happens to pulse in REM

A

increases

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17
Q

what happens to respiratory rate in REM

A

increases

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18
Q

what happens to blood pressure in REM

A

increase

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19
Q

what happens to metabolic rate in REM

A

increase

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20
Q

what happens to temp in REM

A

increase

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21
Q

what happens to skeletal muscle tone in REM

A

decrease

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22
Q

what happens to deep tendon reflexes in REM

A

decrease

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23
Q

what do you do in REM

A

dream

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24
Q

how long are we in REM for

A

5-45 mins

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25
Q

deep sleep and REM are important

A

restorative functions

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26
Q

deep sleep restorative functions

A

growth, physical renewal, hormonal regulation

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27
Q

REM restorative functions

A

brain
- storing memories
- learning
- mood

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28
Q

need how long of deep sleep to feel rested

A

hour to hour and a half

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29
Q

we go in and out of REM through what stage

A

2

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30
Q

adults need how much sleep

A

7-9

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31
Q

older adult needs how much sleep

A

6-7

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32
Q

what stage in older adults is absent or decreased

A

4

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33
Q

older adults have ____________ rem sleep

A

decreased

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34
Q

older adults have

A

difficulty falling asleep
difficulty staying asleep
increase meds/diagnosis can affect sleep
wake up more often because decrease time in deep sleep

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35
Q

5 illnesses associated with sleep disturbances

A

gastroesophageal reflux
coronary artery disease
epilepsy
liver failure and encephalitis
end stage renal disease

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36
Q

why do gastroesophageal reflux have sleep disturbances

A

increase gastric secretions during REM sleep

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37
Q

why do coronary artery disease have sleep disturbances

A

angina increased in REM sleep

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38
Q

why do epilepsy have sleep disturbances

A

increase seizures in NREM

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39
Q

why do liver failure and encephalitis have sleep disturbances

A

total disruption of sleep wake cycle

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40
Q

why do end stage renal disease have sleep disturbances

A

disturbed sleep, increased day time sleep

41
Q

what are some environmental factors that affect sleep in acute care settings

A

noises, lights,
sleep best in own home
trouble sleeping in new environment which leads to decreased REM and NREM

42
Q

what are some psychological stressors that can affect sleep

A

hospital and illness can decrease sleep and increase anxiety

43
Q

what are some meds that can impact sleep

A

diuretics, asthma meds

44
Q

caffeine is a

A

CNS stimulant

45
Q

alcohol toxicity affects

A

REM sleep

46
Q

smoking substances with nicotine

A

stimulant affect

47
Q

why do obese people have difficulty sleeping

A

hormonal regulation, related to appetite feeling of satiated

48
Q

DM2, CVA, Breast cancer

A

hormonal imbalance

49
Q

DYSSOMNIAS

A

anything causing difficulty falling asleep/staying asleep/ excessive daytime sleep

50
Q

what are some sleep disorders/DYSSOMNIAS

A

insomnia, sleep related breathing disorder, narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders

51
Q

insomnia definition

A

difficulty falling asleep, intermittent sleep, early wakefulness

52
Q

what is the most common sleep disorder

A

insomnia

53
Q

who might be at risk for insomnia

A

older than 60, women after menopause, depression

54
Q

acute insomnia

A

brief and due to life circumstance

55
Q

what is insomnia often due to

A

disruptions in circadian rhythms or medications

56
Q

what are some medications that lead to insomnia

A

antihypertensive, ADD, over counter cold and allergy

57
Q

how do we treat insomina

A

behavior modification, medications, education

58
Q

what is behavior modification

A

sleep rituals

59
Q

what are some medications that can treat insomnia

A

muscle relaxants

60
Q

what are some education we can tell our patient with insomnia

A

no napping, no exercise within 3 hours of sleep, only sleep when tired

61
Q

who could be at risk for insomnia

A

shift workers, night shift

62
Q

acute insomina

A

one time`

63
Q

chronic insomina

A

3 times a week for 3 months

64
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

65
Q

OSA can be caused by

A

obesity and/or anatomical causes

66
Q

signs and symptoms of OSA

A

excess daytime sleepiness, snoring, abnormal sleep study

67
Q

OSA stay in what stage of sleep

A

1 and 2

68
Q

what is an abnormal sleep study

A

polysonagram

69
Q

treatment for OSA

A

weight reduction, CPAP, BiPAP

70
Q

CPAP

A

continous positive airway pressure
- deliver pressure to keep airway open, difficulty exhale

71
Q

BiPAP

A

biphasic positive airway pressure
- set with inspiratory pressure and cycle with exhalation

72
Q

how does apnea affect sleep

A

increase CO2, so they wake up to catch breath and never get to REM

73
Q

what is narcolepsy

A

uncontrolled desire to sleep

74
Q

signs and symptoms of narcolepsy

A

sleep attacks, cataplexy, nightmares and hallucinations, sleep onset REM

75
Q

what are sleep attacks related to

A

strong emotions

76
Q

what is cataplexy

A

sudden loss of muscle tone, full body paralysis

77
Q

narcolepsy always go to what type of sleep

A

REM

78
Q

what is the treatment for narcolepsy

A

ritalin

79
Q

who might have a misalignment between circadian rhythm and sleep wake cycle

A

shift work
jet lag

80
Q

parasomnias

A

pattern of wakeful behavior that appears during REM/NREM

81
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

82
Q

sleep terrors

A

deep stages of sleep and wake up screaming

83
Q

nightmares

A

frightening dream

84
Q

bruxism

A

grinding of teeth when asleep, indicator of stress

85
Q

enuresis

A

nocturnal bed wetting deep sleep

86
Q

what is a sleep related movement disorders

A

restless leg syndrome

87
Q

what is restless leg syndrome

A

unpleasant creeping, crawling or tingling sensations in the legs while sleeping

88
Q

treatment for restless leg syndrome

A

walking, massage to area, strethcing

89
Q

restless leg syndrome can be related to

A

over the counter antihystamines

90
Q

caffeine, nicotine, alcohol increase or decrease restless leg syndrome

A

increase

91
Q

what to ask during interview of obtaining a sleep history

A

description of disturbance
sleep wake patterns
sleep wake habits
sleep aides
enegery level

92
Q

how do we promote a restful environment

A

room dark
wrinkle free linens
temp is comftorable
close door

93
Q

how do we promote bedtime ritual

A

stimulate at day, warm shower, tv read, pray and music at night

94
Q

what should we offer before bedtime as a snack

A

carbs and protein, decrease fluid before bed

95
Q

how do we promote relaxation and comfort

A

back rub and clean gown at night

96
Q

we want to respect what as much as possible

A

normal sleep wake patterns

97
Q

use meds to produce sleep

A

only useful first 1-2 weeks

98
Q

hour of sleep is

A

10PM

99
Q

teach about rest and sleep

A

avoid alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, no exercise 3 hours before bed, no daytime naps, avoid high fluid in evening, avoid disruptions in circadian rhythms

Fundamentals of Nursing (23 decks)

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