Asepsis Flashcards by Lani Manners

what is definition of infection

disease that results from a pathogen in or on the body

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HAI

health care associated infections
infections that develop during the course of treatment for other conditions

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what are the top 4 offenders for HAI

urinary tract infections
surgical site infections
blood stream infections
pneumonia

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Nosocomial

something that originated or occurred inside a hospital setting

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blood borne pathogens

Infections microorganisms in the blood that can cause disease in humans

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medicare/medicade no pay list (10 conditions-3 related to infection prevention)

CAUTI catheter associated urinary tract infections
vascular catheter released infections
surgical site infections

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what are 3 factors predisposing patients to nosocomial infections

use of invasive medical devices
antibiotic resistant organisms
poor compliance with handwashing

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3 infectious agents

bacterial-most significant and most prevalent in hospital settings
virus- smallest of all microorganisms
fungi- plant like organisms present in air, soil and water

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what is the infection cycle

infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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what is the most common way to break the chain of infection

hand hygiene

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what are some possible reservoirs of microorganisms

other humans
animals, insects
soil
food, water, milk
inanimate objects (fomite)

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pathogens generally enter and ________ via the same portals

exit

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what are some factors that affect the host susceptibility

intact skin and mucous membranes (this is the bodies first line of defense)
boys white blood cells (low counts allow pathogens to multiply)
patients with splenectomy
age (neonates and older adults are more susceptible to infection)
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue (decreased immune response)
nutritional status (poor nutritional status inhibits our ability to fight infection)
drug therapies (many drugs suppress our immune response ie steroids and chemotherapy)
stress (increased stress will adversely affect normal defense mechanisms)
Use of invasive indwelling medical devices (provides portal of entry for pathogens)

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how does having broken skin integrity allow for host susceptibility to infection

the bodies first line of defense against infection

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why does low WBC allow for host susceptibility to infection

allows the pathogens to multiply

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why does a patient with a splenectomy allow for host susceptibility to infection

spleen is a key point in immune function

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why does age allow for host susceptibility to infection

neonates and older adults are more susceptible to infection (decreased immune system)

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why does fatigue allow for host susceptibility to infection

decreased immune response

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why does nutritional status allow for host susceptibility to infection

inhibits the ability to fight infection

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why does drug therapies allow for host susceptibility to infection

many drugs suppress immune response

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why does stress allow for host susceptibility to infection

increased stress will adversely affect normal defense mechanisms

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why does the use of invasive or indwelling medical devices allow for host susceptibility to infection

provides a portal of entry for pathogens

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what are the stages to infection

incubation period
prodromal stage
full stage of illness
convalescent period

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incubation period

organism growing and multiplying

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prodromal stage

person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease

full stage of illness

presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease

convalescent period

recovery from the infection

how will a local infection look like

swelling, heat, redness, pain, at site loss of function purulent drainage

how will a systemic infection look like

elevated temp (NOT IN ELDERLY THOUGH) increased pulse and respiratory rate enlarged lymph nodes lethargy anorexia

will increased or decreased WBC indicate a infection

elevated

neutrophils are increased in what type of infection

acute bacterial

what are bands

immature neutrophils

if the precent of neutrophils is greater than 10% what is that

bands, and a shift to the left

lymphocytes are elevated in what type of infection

chronic bacterial (TB) and viral infections

you have a patient with a acute bacterial infection, what WBC would you expect to be elevated

neutrophils

you have a patient with a viral infection what WBC would you expect to be elevated

lymphocytes

eosinophils are elevated in

parasitic infections, fungus, and allergic reactions

is C reactive protein specific or nonspecific

non specific

what does C reactive protein indicate

inflammation presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum or drainage cultures

VAP

ventilator associated pneumonia

HAP

hospital associated pneumonia

CLABSI's

central line associated bloodstream infections

CAUTI

catheter associated urinary track infections

what are the 3 blood borne pathogens

hepatitis B virus hepatitis C virus HIV

for hepatitis vowels are

bowels

how are blood borne pathogens transmitted

needle stick cuts from contaminated sharps mucous membrane transmission perinatal transmission aerosol transmission

when you have a patient with HIV, what precautions are you going to take

standard

what is the standard precautions to prevent BBP

treat all blood and body fluids as if they are infected treat potentially contaminated materials as if they are infected have an essential role in preventing transmission

do we recap dirty needles

when do we recap a dirty needle

NEVER

when do we wash

wash in an out of rooms before direct patient contact after direct contact with patient skin after contact with body fluids or non before putting on sterile gloves after removing gloves before procedures after touching patient surroundings

when do we use soap and water

after caring for a patient with C diff

we wash and change gloves

between patients

is PPE sterile

Donning

putting on

Doffing

taking off

do we wear dirty gloves outside of patient room

N95 filters what

inhaled air

PPE masks filter

exhaled air

PAPR

powered air purifier respirators

what do you do if you have a body substance exposure eyes:

removed contact lenses and rise eyes with continuous water for at least 5 mins

what do you do if you have a body substance exposure cuts, scrapes, punctures

Immediately bleed out the wound and wash with large amounts of soap and water

what do you do if you have a body substance exposure mouth

Immediately rinse the mouth with large amounts of water for at least 5 mins

what do we do when standard precautions are not enough

transmission precautions

standard precautions is tier

transmission precautions are tier

transmission precautions are use in addition to

standard precautions

transmission precautions are used for what

contact droplet airborne

what diseases are contact based

C diff MRSA

what diseases are droplet based

influenza pertissis

what diseases are airborne based

covid 19 TB measles chicken pox

what type of pressure rooms are required for airborne patients

negative pressure

for people with contact and droplet can they have their door open

yes

can airborne have their door open

what type of mask is required to enter in airborne room

N95

transmission is always in addition to

standard precautions

MRSA

methicillin resistant staph aureus

VRSA

vancomycin resistant staph aureus

VRE

vancomycin resistant entrococci

C diff

clostridium difficile

what type of mask is required to enter in a droplet precaution room

a surgical mask (NOT N95)

what is a redzone

you need full PPE and respirator to enter

people in isolation rooms suffer from

depression anxiety fewer visits from health care staff increased adverse events

medical asepsis

clean technique - hand washing - PPE

surgical asepsis

operating room, labor and delivery areas anytime you penetrate the skin (blood draws, injections, IV) invasive procedures, sterile dressings, central line, dressings, urinary catheter insertion

why do we not turn back on sterile field

because your back is not sterile

only allow a sterile object to touch

another sterile object

avoid doing what over a sterile field

talking, coughing, reaching

consider any object contaminated if you have any

doubt

date and time solutions to expire in

24 hours

pour fluids with the label in the

palm of your hand

without sterile gloves handle outer

1 inch of sterile

iatrogenic

something that is a result from treatment of diagnostic procedures