Asepsis Flashcards
what is definition of infection
disease that results from a pathogen in or on the body
HAI
health care associated infections
infections that develop during the course of treatment for other conditions
what are the top 4 offenders for HAI
urinary tract infections
surgical site infections
blood stream infections
pneumonia
Nosocomial
something that originated or occurred inside a hospital setting
blood borne pathogens
Infections microorganisms in the blood that can cause disease in humans
medicare/medicade no pay list (10 conditions-3 related to infection prevention)
CAUTI catheter associated urinary tract infections
vascular catheter released infections
surgical site infections
what are 3 factors predisposing patients to nosocomial infections
use of invasive medical devices
antibiotic resistant organisms
poor compliance with handwashing
3 infectious agents
bacterial-most significant and most prevalent in hospital settings
virus- smallest of all microorganisms
fungi- plant like organisms present in air, soil and water
what is the infection cycle
infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
what is the most common way to break the chain of infection
hand hygiene
what are some possible reservoirs of microorganisms
other humans
animals, insects
soil
food, water, milk
inanimate objects (fomite)
pathogens generally enter and ________ via the same portals
exit
what are some factors that affect the host susceptibility
intact skin and mucous membranes (this is the bodies first line of defense)
boys white blood cells (low counts allow pathogens to multiply)
patients with splenectomy
age (neonates and older adults are more susceptible to infection)
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue (decreased immune response)
nutritional status (poor nutritional status inhibits our ability to fight infection)
drug therapies (many drugs suppress our immune response ie steroids and chemotherapy)
stress (increased stress will adversely affect normal defense mechanisms)
Use of invasive indwelling medical devices (provides portal of entry for pathogens)
how does having broken skin integrity allow for host susceptibility to infection
the bodies first line of defense against infection
why does low WBC allow for host susceptibility to infection
allows the pathogens to multiply
why does a patient with a splenectomy allow for host susceptibility to infection
spleen is a key point in immune function
why does age allow for host susceptibility to infection
neonates and older adults are more susceptible to infection (decreased immune system)
why does fatigue allow for host susceptibility to infection
decreased immune response
why does nutritional status allow for host susceptibility to infection
inhibits the ability to fight infection
why does drug therapies allow for host susceptibility to infection
many drugs suppress immune response
why does stress allow for host susceptibility to infection
increased stress will adversely affect normal defense mechanisms
why does the use of invasive or indwelling medical devices allow for host susceptibility to infection
provides a portal of entry for pathogens
what are the stages to infection
incubation period
prodromal stage
full stage of illness
convalescent period
incubation period
organism growing and multiplying
prodromal stage
person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease
full stage of illness
presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease
convalescent period
recovery from the infection
how will a local infection look like
swelling, heat, redness, pain, at site
loss of function
purulent drainage
how will a systemic infection look like
elevated temp (NOT IN ELDERLY THOUGH)
increased pulse and respiratory rate
enlarged lymph nodes
lethargy
anorexia
will increased or decreased WBC indicate a infection
elevated
neutrophils are increased in what type of infection
acute bacterial
what are bands
immature neutrophils
if the precent of neutrophils is greater than 10% what is that
bands, and a shift to the left
lymphocytes are elevated in what type of infection
chronic bacterial (TB) and viral infections
you have a patient with a acute bacterial infection, what WBC would you expect to be elevated
neutrophils
you have a patient with a viral infection what WBC would you expect to be elevated
lymphocytes
eosinophils are elevated in
parasitic infections, fungus, and allergic reactions
is C reactive protein specific or nonspecific
non specific
what does C reactive protein indicate
inflammation
presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum or drainage cultures
VAP
ventilator associated pneumonia
HAP
hospital associated pneumonia
CLABSI’s
central line associated bloodstream infections
CAUTI
catheter associated urinary track infections
what are the 3 blood borne pathogens
hepatitis B virus
hepatitis C virus
HIV
for hepatitis vowels are
bowels
how are blood borne pathogens transmitted
needle stick
cuts from contaminated sharps
mucous membrane transmission
perinatal transmission
aerosol transmission
when you have a patient with HIV, what precautions are you going to take
standard
what is the standard precautions to prevent BBP
treat all blood and body fluids as if they are infected
treat potentially contaminated materials as if they are infected
have an essential role in preventing transmission
do we recap dirty needles
NO
when do we recap a dirty needle
NEVER
when do we wash
wash in an out of rooms
before direct patient contact
after direct contact with patient skin
after contact with body fluids or non
before putting on sterile gloves
after removing gloves
before procedures
after touching patient surroundings
when do we use soap and water
after caring for a patient with C diff
we wash and change gloves
between patients
is PPE sterile
no
Donning
putting on
Doffing
taking off
do we wear dirty gloves outside of patient room
NO
N95 filters what
inhaled air
PPE masks filter
exhaled air
PAPR
powered air purifier respirators
what do you do if you have a body substance exposure
eyes:
removed contact lenses and rise eyes with continuous water for at least 5 mins
what do you do if you have a body substance exposure
cuts, scrapes, punctures
Immediately bleed out the wound and wash with large amounts of soap and water
what do you do if you have a body substance exposure
mouth
Immediately rinse the mouth with large amounts of water for at least 5 mins
what do we do when standard precautions are not enough
transmission precautions
standard precautions is tier
1
transmission precautions are tier
2
transmission precautions are use in addition to
standard precautions
transmission precautions are used for what
contact
droplet
airborne
what diseases are contact based
C diff
MRSA
what diseases are droplet based
influenza
pertissis
what diseases are airborne based
covid 19
TB
measles
chicken pox
what type of pressure rooms are required for airborne patients
negative pressure
for people with contact and droplet can they have their door open
yes
can airborne have their door open
no
what type of mask is required to enter in airborne room
N95
transmission is always in addition to
standard precautions
MRSA
methicillin resistant staph aureus
VRSA
vancomycin resistant staph aureus
VRE
vancomycin resistant entrococci
C diff
clostridium difficile
what type of mask is required to enter in a droplet precaution room
a surgical mask (NOT N95)
what is a redzone
you need full PPE and respirator to enter
people in isolation rooms suffer from
depression
anxiety
fewer visits from health care staff
increased adverse events
medical asepsis
clean technique
- hand washing
- PPE
surgical asepsis
operating room, labor and delivery areas
anytime you penetrate the skin (blood draws, injections, IV)
invasive procedures, sterile dressings, central line, dressings, urinary catheter insertion
why do we not turn back on sterile field
because your back is not sterile
only allow a sterile object to touch
another sterile object
avoid doing what over a sterile field
talking, coughing, reaching
consider any object contaminated if you have any
doubt
date and time solutions to expire in
24 hours
pour fluids with the label in the
palm of your hand
without sterile gloves handle outer
1 inch of sterile
iatrogenic
something that is a result from treatment of diagnostic procedures
