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Fundamentals of Nursing > Asepsis > Flashcards

Asepsis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is definition of infection

A

disease that results from a pathogen in or on the body

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2
Q

HAI

A

health care associated infections
infections that develop during the course of treatment for other conditions

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3
Q

what are the top 4 offenders for HAI

A

urinary tract infections
surgical site infections
blood stream infections
pneumonia

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4
Q

Nosocomial

A

something that originated or occurred inside a hospital setting

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5
Q

blood borne pathogens

A

Infections microorganisms in the blood that can cause disease in humans

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6
Q

medicare/medicade no pay list (10 conditions-3 related to infection prevention)

A

CAUTI catheter associated urinary tract infections
vascular catheter released infections
surgical site infections

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7
Q

what are 3 factors predisposing patients to nosocomial infections

A

use of invasive medical devices
antibiotic resistant organisms
poor compliance with handwashing

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8
Q

3 infectious agents

A

bacterial-most significant and most prevalent in hospital settings
virus- smallest of all microorganisms
fungi- plant like organisms present in air, soil and water

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9
Q

what is the infection cycle

A

infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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10
Q

what is the most common way to break the chain of infection

A

hand hygiene

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11
Q

what are some possible reservoirs of microorganisms

A

other humans
animals, insects
soil
food, water, milk
inanimate objects (fomite)

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12
Q

pathogens generally enter and ________ via the same portals

A

exit

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13
Q

what are some factors that affect the host susceptibility

A

intact skin and mucous membranes (this is the bodies first line of defense)
boys white blood cells (low counts allow pathogens to multiply)
patients with splenectomy
age (neonates and older adults are more susceptible to infection)
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue (decreased immune response)
nutritional status (poor nutritional status inhibits our ability to fight infection)
drug therapies (many drugs suppress our immune response ie steroids and chemotherapy)
stress (increased stress will adversely affect normal defense mechanisms)
Use of invasive indwelling medical devices (provides portal of entry for pathogens)

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14
Q

how does having broken skin integrity allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

the bodies first line of defense against infection

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15
Q

why does low WBC allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

allows the pathogens to multiply

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16
Q

why does a patient with a splenectomy allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

spleen is a key point in immune function

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17
Q

why does age allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

neonates and older adults are more susceptible to infection (decreased immune system)

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18
Q

why does fatigue allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

decreased immune response

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19
Q

why does nutritional status allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

inhibits the ability to fight infection

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20
Q

why does drug therapies allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

many drugs suppress immune response

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21
Q

why does stress allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

increased stress will adversely affect normal defense mechanisms

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22
Q

why does the use of invasive or indwelling medical devices allow for host susceptibility to infection

A

provides a portal of entry for pathogens

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23
Q

what are the stages to infection

A

incubation period
prodromal stage
full stage of illness
convalescent period

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24
Q

incubation period

A

organism growing and multiplying

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25
Q

prodromal stage

A

person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease

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26
Q

full stage of illness

A

presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease

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27
Q

convalescent period

A

recovery from the infection

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28
Q

how will a local infection look like

A

swelling, heat, redness, pain, at site
loss of function
purulent drainage

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29
Q

how will a systemic infection look like

A

elevated temp (NOT IN ELDERLY THOUGH)
increased pulse and respiratory rate
enlarged lymph nodes
lethargy
anorexia

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30
Q

will increased or decreased WBC indicate a infection

A

elevated

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31
Q

neutrophils are increased in what type of infection

A

acute bacterial

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32
Q

what are bands

A

immature neutrophils

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33
Q

if the precent of neutrophils is greater than 10% what is that

A

bands, and a shift to the left

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34
Q

lymphocytes are elevated in what type of infection

A

chronic bacterial (TB) and viral infections

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35
Q

you have a patient with a acute bacterial infection, what WBC would you expect to be elevated

A

neutrophils

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36
Q

you have a patient with a viral infection what WBC would you expect to be elevated

A

lymphocytes

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37
Q

eosinophils are elevated in

A

parasitic infections, fungus, and allergic reactions

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38
Q

is C reactive protein specific or nonspecific

A

non specific

39
Q

what does C reactive protein indicate

A

inflammation
presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum or drainage cultures

40
Q

VAP

A

ventilator associated pneumonia

41
Q

HAP

A

hospital associated pneumonia

42
Q

CLABSI’s

A

central line associated bloodstream infections

43
Q

CAUTI

A

catheter associated urinary track infections

44
Q

what are the 3 blood borne pathogens

A

hepatitis B virus
hepatitis C virus
HIV

45
Q

for hepatitis vowels are

A

bowels

46
Q

how are blood borne pathogens transmitted

A

needle stick
cuts from contaminated sharps
mucous membrane transmission
perinatal transmission
aerosol transmission

47
Q

when you have a patient with HIV, what precautions are you going to take

A

standard

48
Q

what is the standard precautions to prevent BBP

A

treat all blood and body fluids as if they are infected
treat potentially contaminated materials as if they are infected
have an essential role in preventing transmission

49
Q

do we recap dirty needles

A

NO

50
Q

when do we recap a dirty needle

A

NEVER

51
Q

when do we wash

A

wash in an out of rooms
before direct patient contact
after direct contact with patient skin
after contact with body fluids or non
before putting on sterile gloves
after removing gloves
before procedures
after touching patient surroundings

52
Q

when do we use soap and water

A

after caring for a patient with C diff

53
Q

we wash and change gloves

A

between patients

54
Q

is PPE sterile

A

no

55
Q

Donning

A

putting on

56
Q

Doffing

A

taking off

57
Q

do we wear dirty gloves outside of patient room

A

NO

58
Q

N95 filters what

A

inhaled air

59
Q

PPE masks filter

A

exhaled air

60
Q

PAPR

A

powered air purifier respirators

61
Q

what do you do if you have a body substance exposure
eyes:

A

removed contact lenses and rise eyes with continuous water for at least 5 mins

62
Q

what do you do if you have a body substance exposure
cuts, scrapes, punctures

A

Immediately bleed out the wound and wash with large amounts of soap and water

63
Q

what do you do if you have a body substance exposure
mouth

A

Immediately rinse the mouth with large amounts of water for at least 5 mins

64
Q

what do we do when standard precautions are not enough

A

transmission precautions

65
Q

standard precautions is tier

A

1

66
Q

transmission precautions are tier

A

2

67
Q

transmission precautions are use in addition to

A

standard precautions

68
Q

transmission precautions are used for what

A

contact
droplet
airborne

69
Q

what diseases are contact based

A

C diff
MRSA

70
Q

what diseases are droplet based

A

influenza
pertissis

71
Q

what diseases are airborne based

A

covid 19
TB
measles
chicken pox

72
Q

what type of pressure rooms are required for airborne patients

A

negative pressure

73
Q

for people with contact and droplet can they have their door open

A

yes

74
Q

can airborne have their door open

A

no

75
Q

what type of mask is required to enter in airborne room

A

N95

76
Q

transmission is always in addition to

A

standard precautions

77
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin resistant staph aureus

78
Q

VRSA

A

vancomycin resistant staph aureus

79
Q

VRE

A

vancomycin resistant entrococci

80
Q

C diff

A

clostridium difficile

81
Q

what type of mask is required to enter in a droplet precaution room

A

a surgical mask (NOT N95)

82
Q

what is a redzone

A

you need full PPE and respirator to enter

83
Q

people in isolation rooms suffer from

A

depression
anxiety
fewer visits from health care staff
increased adverse events

84
Q

medical asepsis

A

clean technique
- hand washing
- PPE

85
Q

surgical asepsis

A

operating room, labor and delivery areas
anytime you penetrate the skin (blood draws, injections, IV)
invasive procedures, sterile dressings, central line, dressings, urinary catheter insertion

86
Q

why do we not turn back on sterile field

A

because your back is not sterile

87
Q

only allow a sterile object to touch

A

another sterile object

88
Q

avoid doing what over a sterile field

A

talking, coughing, reaching

89
Q

consider any object contaminated if you have any

A

doubt

90
Q

date and time solutions to expire in

A

24 hours

91
Q

pour fluids with the label in the

A

palm of your hand

92
Q

without sterile gloves handle outer

A

1 inch of sterile

93
Q

iatrogenic

A

something that is a result from treatment of diagnostic procedures

Fundamentals of Nursing (23 decks)

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