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Skulls-mammals Flashcards

1
Q

Process

A

Sticks out. Usually forms muscle attachment

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2
Q

Condyle

A

Convex part of joint. Ball

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3
Q

Fossa

A

Indentation. Socket

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4
Q

Foramen

A

Holes through which nerves/ vessels pass

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5
Q

Skull

A

Entire framework of the head

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6
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

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7
Q

Cranium

A

Skull without lower jaw

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8
Q

Neurocranium

A

Encases brain

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9
Q

Calvaria

A

(Skull cap) top of neurocranium

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10
Q

Basicranium

A

Bottom of neurocranium

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11
Q

Splanchocranium/ viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton

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12
Q

How many bones are joined at sutures

A

22

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13
Q

How many cranial bones are there

A

8

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14
Q

How many air sinuses does the sphenoid bone contain

A

2

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15
Q

What does the sphenoid bone contain

A

A body and a lesser, greater, medial and lateral wing

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16
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone located

A

Roof of nasal cavity

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17
Q

What is the ethmoid bone part of

A

Nasal septum

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18
Q

What does the frontal bone form

A

Forehead and part of cranium

Roof of orbit

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19
Q

What’s within the frontal bone

A

Contains the frontal sinus

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20
Q

What’s different about the front sinus

A

It’s unique like a finger print

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21
Q

Occipital bone is where

A

Rear and majority of base skull

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22
Q

Spinal cord is encircled by what

A

Foramen magnum

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23
Q

What does the skull rest upon

A

The atlas at the occipital condyles

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24
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

Runs from base of external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebrae (last neck bone)

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25
How many parietal bones are there
2
26
The parietal bones are bordered by what sutures
Coronal, sagittal, lamboid, squamous
27
What suture joins the two parietal bones
Sagittal
28
How many temporal bones are there
2
29
What do the temporal bones form
The lateral wall and part of floor of cranial cavity
30
Name the ossicles in the middle ear
Malleus, stapes, incus
31
Are facial bones in contact with meninges
No
32
How many maxillae bones are there
2
33
What does the maxilla form
Upper jaw | 2/3 of hard palate
34
How many zygomatic bones are there
2
35
What do the zygomatic bones form
Cheek bone and lateral orbital wall
36
What does the zygomatic bone contain
Frontal process, temporal process, infraorbital margin and zygomaticofacial foramen
37
How many palatine bones are there
2
38
What shape is the palatine bones
L- shaped
39
What are the palatine bones part of
Nasal wall and orbital floor
40
What is another name for the inferior nasal concha
Inferior turbinate (crista conchalis)
41
Is the inferior nasal concha bones part of ethmoid or maxilla?
No
42
What does "turbinate" refer to
"Scroll" curled up in itself
43
How many turbinates do humans have
3
44
What do the 2 nasal bones support
Nasal cartilage
45
What does the vomer consist of
1/2 of nasal septum
46
Can the mandible move
No
47
What does the mandible hold
Lower teeth
48
What do the 2 lacrimal bones form
Part of the medial wall of each orbit
49
Tears collect where and drain where
Collect in sac and drain into nasal cavity
50
As brain size increases what happens
Face rotates downwards
51
Where does the nose direct air to
Onto the olfactory area
52
Size of chimpanzee skull
305-485 cubic centimetres
53
Size of Africanus skull
420-500 cubic centimetres
54
Size of homo habilis skull
590-700 cubic centimetres
55
Size of a robustus skull
500-530 cubic centimetres
56
Size of homo erectus skull
815-1,959 cubic centimetres
57
Size of homo sapien skull
1,040- 1,595 cubic centimetres
58
As brain grows what 2 things then happen
Ethmoid area grows = shit smell | Face rotates down, therefore nose stuck out
59
What distinguishes modern humans to their nearest ancestors
Noses and chins
60
What animals have nostrils but no nose/chin
High primates
61
As you go back in time what happens to the foramen magnum
It gets further away from face
62
Do non-Africans have DNA markers?
Yes
63
Afarensis evolves to what...
Habilis--> erectus --> sapiens
64
As animals stand up what happens to their spine
Spine rotates downwards
65
What is the biggest family
Mustelindae (bear)
66
Do carnivores have a small or large sagittal crest
Large
67
Why do sheep have large head muscles
From pulling side to side
68
Carnivores have forward facing orbits which results in what
Binocular vision which means better depth perception
69
The TMJ in a carnivore is what and why
Tight as it needs a powerful bite but is unsuitable for grinding
70
Artiodactyla can be described as what
Even toed | Cloven- Hooved mammals
71
Do Artiodactyla have a sagittal crest
No
72
What way do the orbits face in Artiodactyla and what does this help
Laterally | Excellent peripheral vision
73
Artiodactyla have poor what
Binocular vision
74
Do Artiodactyla have a loose tmj or a tight tmj
Loose which allows sideways grinding
75
Most Artiodactyls lack what type of tooth and what animal is the exception
Canine, pigs
76
Artiodactyla have a narrow nuchal crest, how does this help their head
It holds their head up but is weak sideways
77
Rodentia orbits face what way
Laterally
78
TMJ in rodentia is loose or tight
Loose
79
Do rodentia have a sagittal crest?
No
80
The temporalis and masseter are prominent muscles located where
Lateral surface of the skull
81
Where does the temporalis pass
Passes medial to the zygomatic arch to insert on the cork lid process of the mandible
82
What shape is the temporalis
Fan shaped
83
What is the action of the temporalis
Elevate mandible/ close jaw
84
What is the insertion of the temporalis
Coronoid process and anterior surface of Ramus of mandible
85
What is the origin of the temporalis
Inferior temporal line
86
What is the origin of the masseter
Zygomatic process of maximally and lower border of zygomatic arch
87
What is the insertion of the masseter
Ramus of Mandible
88
What is the action of the masseter
Elevate mandible and occlude teeth

Comparative (8 decks)

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