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Visual System Anatomy > Skull, Orbital Bones, CT > Flashcards

Skull, Orbital Bones, CT Flashcards

1
Q

where is the anterior and posterior crest of lacrimal sac fossa

A

anterior: maxillary bone
posterior: lacrimal bone

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2
Q

where is the inferior orbital fissure located

A

lateral wall + floor

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3
Q

what bones make up the middle cranial fossa

A

temporal bones

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4
Q

what goes through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

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5
Q

which wall of the orbit is the strongest

A

lateral wall

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6
Q

what stabilize the muscle + prevents overaction of muscles

A

muscle pulley/check ligament

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7
Q

what houses the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

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8
Q

what does V1 go through

A

superior orbital fissure

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9
Q

what is the optic canal

A

transmits the ON and ophthalmic artery

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10
Q

what bones make up the lateral wall

A

zygomatic (anterior), greater wing of sphenoid body (posterior)

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11
Q

what bones make up the roof of the orbital wall

A

frontal bone + lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

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12
Q

what holds the sinuses

A

ethmoid air cells

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13
Q

what is the orbital plate

A

medial orbit; holds the orbit on both sides

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14
Q

what cells lighten the skull

A

ethmoid air cells

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15
Q

where do tears drain from the eye

A

fossa of lacrimal sac

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16
Q

what is continuous w/ periorbita at margins of orbit

A

orbital septum

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17
Q

what is the thinnest bone

A

ethmoid orbital plate (lamina papyrace)

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18
Q

tenons capsule

A

surrounds the globe, barrier to infection from globe/eyeball

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19
Q

what makes up the medial portion of orbit

A

ethmoid bone

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20
Q

what provides communication between pterygopalatine/ temporal fossa and orbit

A

inferior orbital fissure

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21
Q

what bones make up the medial wall of the orbit

A

frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

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22
Q

placement of visual evoked potential electrodes (VEP):

A

3 cm above inion, measures electrical potential made by the visual system to ensure info is getting to occipital lobe

-used for VAs or if someone faking VFL

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23
Q

frontal sinus

A

above the eyes in frontal bone

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24
Q

what makes up the body central portion of brain

A

sphenoid body

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25
Q

what makes up the posterior fossa

A

occipital lobe + cerebellum

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26
Q

foramen magnum

A

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

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27
Q

what forms the posterior fossa

A

occipital bone

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28
Q

what drains the tears into the nose

A

nasolacrimal canal - located in lower portion

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29
Q

how can there be an infection in ethmoid

A

bacteria can eat through bone into orbit

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30
Q

what goes through the SOF above the CTR

A

lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, superior ophthalmic vein –> drains globe

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31
Q

what does the infraorbital canal open into

A

infraorbital foramen

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32
Q

supraorbital notch

A

vessels + nerves pass through

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33
Q

what are the landmarks of the orbital roof

A

lacrimal gland fossa, trochlea, supraorbital notch, supratrochlear notch

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34
Q

ethmoid sinus

A

medial to eyeballs, thinnest

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35
Q

what is the most posterior portion of the medial wall

A

body of the sphenoid bone, next to optic canal

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36
Q

orbital fat

A

adipose tissue fills in the rest of orbit

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37
Q

maxillary sinus

A

inferior eyes, largest, trauma to eye will blow out orbital floor + bone, tissue, muscles can enter the sinus

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38
Q

what is the attachment for EOMs to eye

A

tenons capsule

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39
Q

common tendinous ring and oculomotor foramen

A

circular and of CT, origin of all 4 rectus muscles

40
Q

what supplies circulation to globe + surroundings

A

ophthalmic artery

41
Q

what goes through the SOF

A

everything in cav sin (CN5 (V1), 4, 6)

42
Q

what forms the sella turcica

A

sphenoid body

43
Q

anterior + superior skull

A

frontal bone

44
Q

what are sinuses

A

air filled cavities within four of the bones surrounding the orbit

45
Q

orbital CT

A

lines, separates + anchors orbital structure

46
Q

what is the majority of the medial wall

A

orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

47
Q

side portion of head

A

parietal bones

48
Q

what is the SOF between

A

lateral wall + roof

49
Q

where is the greater wings of the sphenoid located

A

more laterally

50
Q

CN6 palsy with papilledema

A

increase in ICP pushes down on brainstem, stretching CN6 @ 90 degree turn –> papilledema + double vision

51
Q

what does a blow fracture cause

A

numbness of upper cheek (V2), diplopia, swelling, ecchymosis (bruise)

52
Q

inion

A

external occipital protuberance

53
Q

what does CN6 pass

A

goes over the petrous portion of temporal bone

54
Q

where is a blow out fracture located and why

A

inferior floor of orbit

due to the groove, canal foramen

55
Q

what are the landmarks of the lateral wall

A

SOF, IOfissure,

56
Q

what is the SOF formed by

A

gap between greater + lesser wings of the sphenoid

57
Q

what foramens are in the greater wings

A

foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

58
Q

what is behind the orbital plate of ethmoid bone

A

ethmoid bone + nose

59
Q

through SOF and CTR

A

oculomotor nerve, nasocilliary nerve, abducens nerve

60
Q

orbital cellulitis

A

infection of orbit due to thin walls of ethmoid sinuses or eyelids, fungal infections. most severe (eats through bone), once in orbit there is a direct pathway via fissure to the brain

61
Q

where is the infraorbital canal located

A

within the infraorbital in the maxilla

62
Q

what portion of the temporal bone is more anterior

A

squamous portion; makes up most of the lateral portion

63
Q

suspensory ligament of lockwood

A

holds up orbit (hammock) inferiorly, CT between 2 muscles

64
Q

what are the landmarks of the orbit floor

A

IOfissue, IOgroove, IOforamen

65
Q

periorbita

A

thickens posteriorly to form CTR

66
Q

dimensions of orbital margins

A

2cm horizontal, 3.5 cm vertical, 4.5 cm depth

67
Q

what goes through the foramen ovale

A

mandibular branch (CN5) V2

68
Q

what is the CT between conj + episclera

A

tenons capsule

69
Q

where is the lesser wing located

A

anterior + superior, smaller

70
Q

preseptal cellulitis

A

in front of septum, not as serious, protected from brain, usually from a hordeolum, eyelid infection, usually goes away or can burst inside of eyelid –> treat w/ oral abx

71
Q

what goes through the foramen rotundum

A

maxillary nerve (CN5) V3

72
Q

what is the SOF formed by

A

gap between the greater and lesser wing

73
Q

what is between the body and lesser wing

A

optic foramen/canal

74
Q

what are all the orbital bones and how many of each

A

frontal, maxillary (2), zygomatic (2), sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal (2), palatine (2)

75
Q

orbital septum

A
  • 360 degree from rim of orbit to tarsal plate
  • keeps orbital fat in place
  • prevents infection from eyelids back
76
Q

what separates the lateral wall and floor of orbit

A

inferior orbital fissure

77
Q

what is the optic canal formed by

A

hole between body + lesser wing

78
Q

what covers the bone

A

periorbita

79
Q

what bones make up the floor of the orbit

A

maxillary (main, medial) , zygomatic (lateral), palatine (posterior)

80
Q

maxilla location

A

medial wall but continuation from the floor

81
Q

supratrochlear notch

A

nerves + vessels pass through

82
Q

sphenoid sinus

A
  • medial + posterior to eyeballs
  • within body of sphenoid, can surround the optic canal
  • close to many structures - pituitary gland
83
Q

what carries nerves + blood to bone

A

periorbita

84
Q

where oes the infraorbital nerve (branch of maxillary nerve V2) exit the orbit?

A

infraorbital foramen

85
Q

what is trochlea

A

u- shaped cartilage which anchors SO muscle

86
Q

what forms the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal bone; where front of brain sits

87
Q

paranasal sinuses location

A

on all sides besides lateral sides

88
Q

what goes through the optic canal + CTR

A

optic nerve, ophthalmic artery

89
Q

where is the fossa for lacrimal gland located

A

roof laterally

90
Q

petrous portion of the temporal bone does what

A

houses most of middle + inner ear system

91
Q

what do olfactory nerves go through

A

horizontal cribriform plate- olfactory nerves come through here + go to brain

92
Q

lateral portion of brain

A

temporal bones

93
Q

connection of muscle onto bone

A

muscle pulley/check ligament

94
Q

what is the optic foramen

A

opening to the optic canal

95
Q

through inferior orbital fissure below the CTR

A

infraorbital nerve (CN5 sensory), infraorbital artery, inferior ophthalmic vein

96
Q

where does the ON exit the orbit

A

optic foramen

97
Q

what are the symptoms of orbital cellulitis

A

proptosis, diplopia (muscles), fever, *unique to orbital (not seen w/ preseptal)

Visual System Anatomy (10 decks)

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