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Visual System Anatomy > Autonomic Innervation > Flashcards

Autonomic Innervation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three roots of the ciliary ganglion

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic, sensory

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2
Q

post- ganglion lacrimal gland pathway sympathetic

A

internal carotid artery plexus –> deep petrosal nerve –> vidian nerve –> pterygiodpalatine ganglion (symp passes through) –> maxillary nerve –> follows zygomatic branch –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve

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3
Q

parasympathetic innervation iris sphincter

A

pupil constriction- 3%

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4
Q

direct acting agonist

cholinergic agonist aka parasympathomimetics

A

pilocarpine

pupil constriction + acc

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5
Q

ciliary ganglion sympathetic pathway

A

passes through –> BV of conj + choroid

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6
Q

cav sin –> nasociliary nerve –> ciliary ganglion

A

short ciliary nerves, choroidal (vasoconstriction) + conj bv

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7
Q

damage to cilairy ganglion causes

A
  • numbness
  • horner’s syndrome
  • blown pupil
  • lack of acc
  • damage NT in ganglia (only parasympathetic involved –> dilated pupil)
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8
Q

sympathetic innervation

ciliary muscle

A

inhibition of acc

-no clinical significance

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9
Q

agonist

A

replicates the action of the neurotransmitter

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10
Q

lacrimal gland (preganglion) parasympathetic

A

CN& nucleus (pons) –> travel w/ facial nerve –> geniculate ganglion (sensory) –> greater petrosal nerve –> vidian nerve –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> synaose

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11
Q

lacrimal gland (preganglion) sympathetic

A

T1-T3 spinal –> superior cervical ganglia –>

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12
Q

what is the preganglionic pathway in the parasympathetic pathway

A

cn3 –SOF–> inferior division –> ciliary ganglion–> synapse –>

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13
Q

cav sin –> oculomotor cn3 –>

A

superior branch cn3 –> muller muscle –> widening of palpebral fissure

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14
Q

clinical correlate: hippus (pupillary unrest)

A

sympathetic + parasympathetic balancing out

-causes pupil to continuously move slightly

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15
Q

abberent regeneration tonic pupil

A

accommodative fibers can grow to the sphincter

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16
Q

indirect acting agonist

adrenergic agonist

A

aka sympathomimetics

  • hydroxyamphetamine
  • cocaine
  • pupil dilation
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17
Q

what is the central pathway in the parasympathetic pathway

A

hypothalamus –> midbrain (ew-nucleus- cn 3)

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18
Q

autonomic lacrimal innervation parasympathetic

A

increase lacrimal secretion

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19
Q

pupil dilation

A

phenylephrine: direct acting on dilator muscle
tropicamide: dilation, pupil not to constrict

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20
Q

adrenergic antagonist

A

aka sympatholytic
dapiprazole
reversal of mydriasis from phenylephrine

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21
Q

where do the sympathetic and parasympathetic join in autonomic pathway to the lacrimal gland

A

vidian nerve

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22
Q

what two sections does the cav sin break into

A

ophthalmic nerve + oculomotor cn 3

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23
Q

what is the post- ganglion pathway in the sympathetic pathway

A

-internal carotid artery plexus –> carotid canal –> cav sin

24
Q

autonomic lacrimal innervation sympathetic

A

constricting blood vessels –> decrease gland secretion

25
Q

cholinergic –>

A

acetylcholine

26
Q

parasympathetic innervation ciliary muscle

A

accommodation - 97%

27
Q

clinical correlate: corneal reflex - afferent

A

cn5 –> afferent

-senses something on cornea via nasociliary branch

28
Q

what is a tonic pupil

A

pupil doesn’t constrict well, inability to acc (same fibers)

29
Q

direct acting agonist

A

acts directly at the receptor site

30
Q

what does the sympathetic pathway supply

A
  • iris (dilator + sphincter)
  • cb
  • muller muscle
  • lacrimal gland
  • blood vessels (choroid, conj)
31
Q

what is the pre-ganglion pathway in the sympathetic pathway

A
  • sympathetic chain ganglion (on either side)

- superior cervical ganglion –> synpase

32
Q

sympathetic innervation muler muscle

A

raising of eyelid, widening of palpebral fissure

33
Q

ciliary ganglion sensory pathway

A

–> passes through (opp direction) –> nasociliary nerve –> v1 –> trigeminal

34
Q

indirect acting agonist

cholinergic agonist

A

aka parasympathomimetics
physostigmine
-pupil constriction + acc

35
Q

cav sin –> nasociliary nerve –>

A

long ciliary nerve + ciliary ganglion

36
Q

what is the postganglionic pathway in the parasympathetic pathway

A

short ciliary nerves –> iris sphincter, cb

37
Q

cav sin –> nasociliary nerve –> long ciliary nerve

A

iris (dilation) , ciliary body (non- inhibitory non-clinical)

38
Q

adrenergic –>

A

norepinephrine

39
Q

where is the ciliary ganglion located

A

within the muscle cone between optic nerve and LR muscle

- 1 cm anterior to the optic canal

40
Q

sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers release

A

norepinephrine (adrenergic)

41
Q

sympathetic innervation choroidal vasculature

A

vasoconstriction

42
Q

cholinergic antagonist

A

aka parasympatholytic
atropine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate
-pupil dilation + inhibition of acc

43
Q

cav sin –> ophthalmic nerve –>

A

long ciliary + ciliary ganglion

44
Q

indirect acting agonist

A

causes release of NT or prevents removal of NT from synapse

45
Q

post- ganglion lacrimal gland pathway parasympathetic

A

travels w/ maxillary nerve –> follows zygomatic branch –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve

46
Q

antagonist

A

block the receptor sites or the release of the neurotransmitter

47
Q

ciliary ganglion parasympathetic pathway

A

–> synapse –> sphincter –> CB

48
Q

sympathetic innervation

iris dilator

A

dilation

49
Q

what is the central pathway in the sympathetic pathway

A

hypothalamus –> brainstem –> spinal cord (T1-T3) –>synapse

50
Q

direct acting agonist

adrenergic agonist aka sympathomimetics

A

phenylephrine, epinephrine,

pupil dilation

51
Q

what does abberent regeneration in tonic pupil cause

A

constriction w/ near target (+acc)

- no response to light

52
Q

clinical correlate: corneal reflex - efferent

A

cn7–> efferent

  • closes the eye, blink
  • increases lacrimation
  • miosis
53
Q

parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers release

A

acetylcholine (cholinergic)

54
Q

parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibers release

A

acetylcholine (cholinergic)

55
Q

tonic pupil happens bc

A

issue w/ postganglionic system (suprachoroidal space, rd surgery, idiopathic)

56
Q

sympathetic preganglionic gibers release

A

acetylcholine (cholinergic)

Visual System Anatomy (10 decks)

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