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Visual System Anatomy > Ocular Circulation > Flashcards

Ocular Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

where does the cav sin extend from

A

superior orbital fissure to the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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2
Q

where does the dorsonasal artery exit

A

orbital septum

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3
Q

Parotid lymph nodes

Drains:

A

Lateral aspect of the lids, lateral canthus, lacrimal gland

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4
Q

what does the circle of zinn do

A

encircles the ON at the choroid (pial vessels anastomose as well)

-zinn might not be complete

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5
Q

what is the terminal branch to the medial canthus is called

A

angular artery

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6
Q

what is the CRA surrounded by

A

sympathetic nerve plexus

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7
Q

where does the facial artery branch

A

at the angle of the mandible

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8
Q

what does the maxillary artery pass through

A

infratemporal fossa and then move upwards towards the maxillary bone

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9
Q

what do the common carotid artery branch into

A

internal + external

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10
Q

what runs superior to the EOMs

A

supraorbital artery

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11
Q

what is the superior ophthalmic vein formed by

A

formed by the joining of the angular vein and supraorbital vein

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12
Q

what does the supratrochlear profuse

A

forehead skin, scalp and muscles of the forehead

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13
Q

what does the CRV drain

A

blood from the retina

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14
Q

lymphatic drainage - are there lymph vessels in the globe

A

no

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15
Q

what does the dorsonasal artery supply

A

lacrimal sac

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16
Q

retinal blood flow

A

autoregulated, low blood flow, CRA profuses the inner retina

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17
Q

what are the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artert

A

supratrochlear + dorsonasal arteries

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18
Q

branches of the lacrimal artery

A
  • recurrent meningeal artery: passes back into the cranium
  • Zygomaticofacial artery
  • Zygomaticotemporal artery
  • Lateral palpebral arteries: superior and inferior
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19
Q

what does the long posterior ciliary arteries supply

A

supply the uvea including the major circle of the iris

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20
Q

what does the supraorbital artery exit through

A

supraorbital notch/ foramen

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21
Q

what does the inferior ophthalmic vein drain

A

blood from the inferior and lateral EOMs, lacrimal sac

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22
Q

what is a branch of the cilioretinal artery

A

a branch of the short posterior ciliary artery

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23
Q

what do the medial palpebral artery branch from

A

ophthalmic artery or the dorsonasal artery

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24
Q

anterior ciliary arteries supply

A

rectus muscles

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25
Q

what are the branches are the superficial temporal artery

A

anterior temporal artery, zygomatic artery, transervse facial artery

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26
Q

what provides small branches to the ON and pia mater

A

CRA

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27
Q

the lacrimal artery runs parallel to the ____ along the top of the ___

A

the lacrimal artery runs parallel to the lacrimal nerve along the top of the LR

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28
Q

what are the branches of the external carotid artery

A

facial, maxillary, superficial temporal artery

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29
Q

what does the anterior ciliary veins drain

A

blood from the conj capillaries

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30
Q

what does the internal carotid enter the skull through

A

carotid artery

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31
Q

CRV leaves the ON at

A

about 10-12mm behind the lamina cribrosa parallel to the CRA

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32
Q

what does the short posterior ciliary arteries profuse

A

choroid

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33
Q

what do the long posterior ciliary arteries anastomose with

A

anterior ciliary artery

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34
Q

what does the superior ophthalmic vein exit the orbit through

A

superior orbital fissure

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35
Q

what does the anterior ciliary arteries anastomose with

A

long posterior ciliary arteries to form the major circle of the iris

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36
Q

what nerves surround the ophthalmic artery

A

network of sympathetic nerves

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37
Q

what is giant cell arteritis

A

inflammation of the superficial temporal artery and posterior ciliary arteries, vertebral arteries, aorta
- can cause irreversible blindness

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38
Q

what does the infraorbital veins enter what

A

infraorbital foramen and canal parallel to the infraorbital artery

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39
Q

the cilioretinal artery is a branch of the ___ or the

A

short ciliary arteries, circle of zinn

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40
Q

what is the ICA constantly surrounded by

A

the sympathetic plexus

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41
Q

The optic nerve lies where in relation to the ICA

A

MEDIAL

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42
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

typically from a spreading ENT infection

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43
Q

what does the lacrimal artery supply nutrients to

A

lacrimal gland, LR, SR, lateral palpebral arteries

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44
Q

what do the posterior ethmoid artery passes through

A

posterior ethmoid canal

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45
Q

what is the lateral palpebral branch from

A

lacrimal artery

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46
Q

what does the maxillary artery run along

A

pterygopalatine fossa

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47
Q

what forms the radial vessels in the iris

A

major circle of the iris

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48
Q

what does the long posterior ciliary arteries run betwen

A

sclera and the choroid (in the suprachoroidal space) to the anterior globe

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49
Q

what does the anterior ciliary follow

A

the anterior ciliary artery, pierces the sclera,

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50
Q

where do the long posterior ciliary arteries enter

A

enter nasal and temporal to the ON in the posterior pole

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51
Q

vasodilation mainly caused by

A

nitric oxide

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52
Q

the supratrochlear artery is a terminal branch of the

A

ophthalmic artery

53
Q

what does the supraorbital artery anastomoses with what

A

supratrochlear artery, anterior temporal artery ( from external carotid)

54
Q

what does the supratrochlear artery anastomse with

A

supraorbital artery and the anterior temporal artery (from external carotid artery)

55
Q

what is the first major branch of the ICA

A

ophthalmic artery

-branches from ICA after exiting the cav sin

56
Q

what is the anterior ciliary arteries form

A

a network of perfusion to the conj, episclera, uvea

57
Q

what do short posterior ciliary arteries do

A

form the circle of zinn

58
Q

submandibular lymph nodes Drains:

A

Medial aspects of the lids, medial canthus, lacrimal sac

59
Q

what does the infraorbital vein drain into

A

pterygoid venous plexus

60
Q

What bony canal does the ophthalmic artery run through

A

The optic canal

61
Q

what does the supratrochlear artery exit

A

orbital septum

62
Q

how is the cav sin formed

A

splitting of the dura mater on each side of the sphenoid bone

63
Q

what is the circular artery located in the

A

ciliary stroma near the iris root

64
Q

where does the inferior ophthalmic vein begin

A

floor of the orbit

65
Q

what does the supraorbital artery profuse

A

SR, SO, levator, periorbita

66
Q

where are the vortex veins lcoated

A

each quadrant of the retina

67
Q

what does the superficial temporal artery perfuse

A

adjacent to the orbit

68
Q

SVP

A

spontaneous venous pulsation

69
Q

what is the maxillary artery called with it is in the orbit

A

infraorbital artery

70
Q

what do the long posterior ciliary arteries anastomose with to perfuse the ciliary body and anterior choroid

A

short posterior ciliary arteries

71
Q

inferior vortex veins –>

A

inferior ophthalmic vein –> cav sin or pterygoid plexus

72
Q

what does the infraorbital artery supply

A

IR and IO

73
Q

anterior ethmoid artery passes through

A

anterior ethmoid canal

74
Q

what does the maxillary artery enter the orbit through

A

inferior orbital fissure

75
Q

what is the circle of the iris made of

A

long posterior ciliary arteries

76
Q

what does the infraorbital veins

A

drains the face

77
Q

what does medial palpebral artery anastomose with

A

branches of the lacrimal artery to form the palpebral arcades

78
Q

what does the posterior ethmoid artery supply

A

posterior ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, upper nasal mucosa

79
Q

supraorbital and angular veins; superior vortex veins and CRV –>

A

superior ophthalmic vein –> cav sin

80
Q

the CRA pierces the ___ slightly __ and the branches into the retina

A

the CRA pierces the lamina cribrosa slightly nasally and the branches into the retina

81
Q

what does the CRV join

A

superior ophthalmic vein or drains directly into the cav sin

82
Q

short posterior ciliary arteries enter what

A

the sclera in a ring around the ON

83
Q

what does the transverse facial artery anastomose with

A

infraorbital artery

84
Q

what does the facial artery profuse

A

lacrimal sac, medial part of the lower lid, skin of the cheek

85
Q

what does the anterior ethmoid artery supply

A

anterior and middle ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus, nasal cavity and skin of the nose

86
Q

what does the facial artery anastamose with

A

infraorbital artery or the dorsonasal artery

87
Q

what are the branches of the ophthalmic artery

A
  • Central retinal artery (CRA)
  • Lacrimal artery
  • Ciliary arteries : long posterior, short posterior, anterior
  • Ethmoid arteries
  • Supraorbital artery
  • Muscular arteries
  • Medial palpebral arteries
88
Q

what does the infraorbital artery pass through

A

infraorbital canal and exits the infraorbital foramen

89
Q

carotid-cavernous sinus fistual (CCF)

A
  • Abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus typically caused by an artery tear
  • Now, the arterial pressure can be transferred to the venous system
  • Causes decreased ocular perfusion
90
Q

what does the medial (inferior) muscular arteries supply

A

MR, IR, IO

91
Q

the ophthalmic artery enters the ______ within the _____ of the ___

A

the ophthalmic artery enters the optic canal within the dural sheath of the ON

92
Q

transverse facial artery perfuses

A

the skin of the cheek

93
Q

what does the facial artery pass through

A

ascends across the cheek and along the side of the nose

94
Q

what does the cav sin drain into

A

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and ultimately jugular ein

95
Q

what does the superior ophthalmic vein drain

A

superior and medial EOMs, lacrimal vein (lacrimal gland), CRV, muscular vein

96
Q

the superficial temporal artery is

A

a terminal branch

97
Q

what are the ophthalmic veins

A

superior (large), inferior (small) ophthalmic veins drain into the cav sin

98
Q

the orbit has how many ophthalmic arteries/vein

A

1 ophthalmic artery

2 ophthalmic vein

99
Q

what does the sympathetic plexus arise from

A

arises from the superior cervical ganglion

100
Q

what do the right common carotid branch from

A

brachiocephalic artery

101
Q

choroidal blood flow

A

autonomic intervention, high blood pressure, perfuses the outer retina

102
Q

what does the zygomatic artery perfuse

A

obicularis muscle

103
Q

what does the anterior temporal artery anastomose with

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

104
Q

what does the lateral (superior) muscular arteries supply

A

LR, SR, SO

105
Q

where do the vortex vein exit the globe

A

~6mm posterior to the equator

106
Q

collateral

A

abnormal- new vessels runs lateral

107
Q

what does the anterior ciliary veins join

A

the muscular veins ( which drains into the superior ophthalmic veins)

108
Q

what does the infraorbital artery run along in the orbit

A

infraorbital groove in the maxillary bone

109
Q

what is the main blood supply to the globe and adnexa

A

the ophthalmic artery

110
Q

the opthalmic artery runs medially to the ____

A

nasociliary nerve

111
Q

what does the dorsonasal artery anastomose with

A

angular artery (from external carotid artery)

112
Q

what does the maxillary artery perfuse

A

lower eyelid, lacrimal sac + EOMs: IR, IO, upper jaw

113
Q

anterior temporal artery perfuse

A

the skin and forehead muscles

114
Q

ophthalmic artery pathway

A

optic canal –> dural sheath –> (sympathetic nerves surround) –> crosses the ON –> runs medially w/ the nasociliary nerve –> moves anteriorally/forward between MR and SO –> many branches

115
Q

what is the first and smallest branch of the ophthalmic artery

A

CRA

116
Q

the left common carotid branches from the

A

aorta

117
Q

where do the anterior ciliary arteries enter

A

pierce the sclera just outer to the limbus

118
Q

what muscles does the ophthalmic artery move in between

A

moves anterially/forward between the MR and SO

119
Q

what does the ICA leave the canal and enters the

A

cavernous sinus

120
Q

what passes through the cav sin

A

all EOMS and ICA

121
Q

vortex veins drains

A

choroid

122
Q

what does the supratrochlear artery run parallel to

A

supratrochlear nerve

123
Q

what does the superior ophthalmic vein run parallel to

A

ophthalmic artery

124
Q

within the ______ , the ICA runs adjacent to the ____

A

within the cav sin the ICA runs adjacent to the abducens nerve

125
Q

veins in the orbit have no

A

valves

126
Q

what does the medial palpebral artery perfuse what

A

superior and inferior eyelids

127
Q

how does the CRA enter the ON

A

enters the meningeal sheath of the ON about 10-12mm behind the globe

128
Q

what does the inferior ophthalmic drain into

A

cavernous sinus or the pterygoid venous plexus

Visual System Anatomy (10 decks)

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