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Visual System Anatomy > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what fibers are included in the fetal nucleus

A

contains all fibers before birth

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2
Q

what type of fibers are in the fetal nucleus

A

secondary fibers

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3
Q

how does the embryonic nucleus form?

A

posterior epi elongates to fill the lumen

formation of the lens bow

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4
Q

what type of fibers are in the embryonic nucleus?

A

primary lens fibers

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5
Q

when do the eyelids fuse and separate?

A

fuse: month 3
separate: month 5-6

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6
Q

lacrimal system: surface ectoderm

A

nasolacrimal drainage system

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7
Q

what is a coloboma?

A

incomplete closure of fetal fissure in the inferior and nasal aspect

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8
Q

when does the optic cup elongates between the lens + cornea

A

month 3

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9
Q

what structures can be involved in an coloboma

A

optic disc, iris, retina, cb, optic nerve

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10
Q

what structures in the iris are formed from neural ectoderm

A

anterior + posterior iris epi

dilator + sphincter muscle

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11
Q

bergmeister papilla

A

glial tissue persists at ONH

  • posterior remnant on lens
  • remnants of the fetal hyaloid system
  • posterior remnant of the hyaloid system
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12
Q

what structure is the retina formed from?

A

optic cup

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13
Q

Mittendorf dot

A

small, circular opacity on the posterior lens capsule, classically nasal in location, which represents the anterior attachment of the hyaloid artery

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14
Q

what is the GCL + INL like at birth?

A

still thin layer across fovea

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15
Q

when are the GCL + INL completely displaced from fovea

A

4 months post birth

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16
Q

what is corneal curvature

A
  • circular + steep (55D) @ birth

- decreases to 40D 6mo after birth

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17
Q

what is the first step in corneal development and when does it happen

A

day 33- corneal epi from surface ectoderm

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18
Q

aniridia

A

absence of iris- altered depth of focus

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19
Q

iris: neural crest cells

A

iris stroma

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20
Q

when does myelination reach the chiasm? lamina cribosa?

A

chiasm: 6 mo

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21
Q

what is the horizontal raphe

A

wraps around mac bundles to get back to optic disc –> brain
-horizontal raphe is temporary

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22
Q

when does myelination reach lamina cribosa?

A

LC: 1-3 mo after birth

-visual implications, foveal displacement, cone development, myelination

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23
Q

where does myelination travel from and to

A

from brain –> eye

LGN –> lamina cribosa

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24
Q

horizontal raphe fibers

A

inferior and superior fibers dont cross

if damage to NFL - VD respects midline

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25
Q

inferior damage in horizontal raphe

A

superior VFD

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26
Q

where does maturation of PR occur

A

fovea + macula

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27
Q

what is in hollow eye ball

A

empty space filled w/ CSF

continuous w/ 3rd V

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28
Q

mesenchyme iris

A

anterior border layer

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29
Q

how long can iris darken

A

6 mo after birth

bc –> blood to cornea

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30
Q

hyaloid artery system process

A

hyaloid artery (ICA branch) enters optic cup through fetal fissure, filling the vitreous cavity, supplies nutrients to lens

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31
Q

neural plate- what happens at week 3

A

thickening of ectoderm on the dorsal side

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32
Q

when do cones migrate towards center

A

4-5 yrs after birth

20/20 at age 5

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33
Q

what does neural plate gives rise to

A

CNS + ocular structures

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34
Q

what gives rise to hyaloid artery system

A

mesenchyme ( CT of globe)- neural crest and/or mesoderm

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35
Q

hyaloid artery system: 4th month

A

atrophy- totally reabsorbed by birth- to supply to nutrients to lens

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36
Q

eyelids: surface ectoderm

A
  • skin + conj epi
  • hair follicles + cilia
  • meibomian glands
  • zeis glands
  • glands of moll
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37
Q

when/where does CRA develop from?

A

month 4 from HAR

38
Q

when does CRA fully develop?

A

3mo after birth

39
Q

what happens to RPE in week 3-4

A

RPE pigmentation seen in outer later of optic cup

40
Q

when does optic pit form into the optic cup

A

day 25

41
Q

neural crest cells do what

A

tissue that differentiates

42
Q

what are optic pits

A

indentations form on the surface of the neural tube

43
Q

when do INL and GCL begin to move to peripheral macula

A

month 7

44
Q

when does pupillary membrane form between lens + cornea and why

A

month 3

45
Q

when does pupillary membrane completely break off

A

month 8.5

46
Q

when do the optic pits form

A

day 22

47
Q

coloboma: key hole pupil

A

bilateral- light sensitive

48
Q

orbit: neural crest cells

A

orbit fat + CT

49
Q

when does neural retinal cells differentiate

A

month 3

50
Q

what is the potential space between the neural retina + RPE

A

site of retinal detachment

NR + retina separated

51
Q

what is micropthalmos

A

small globe; incomplete development of optic cup + lens (lack of induction)
likely a blind eye

52
Q

when does the lens placode form and how

A

day 27

induction: formation of some structures depends on interactions among other tissues

53
Q

what week is the embryonic plate formed by

A

week 3

54
Q

what does the lens vesicle form and how

A

day 33

forms once it separates form surface ectoderm

55
Q

persistent pupillary membrane

A

remains attached to lens or free floating

very common 17-32%

56
Q

what is primary vitreous

A

degenerating tissue from hyaloid system + fibers ret + lens

57
Q

when does myelination begin and why

A

months 5 - when axons reach the LGN

58
Q

what is secondary vitreous

A

encloses primary vitreous forming cloquets canals

forms attachment at vitreous base + hyaloid capsular ligament

59
Q

when does the fetal fissure begin to fuse

A

week 5 (goes anteriorly –> posteriorly)

60
Q

when does fetal fissure close

A

week 7

61
Q

what gives rise to the lens capsule

A

BM

62
Q

what type of cell gives rise to sclera

A

neural crest cells

goes around optic cup until reaches ON

63
Q

retina coloboma

A

no RPE can see straight through sclera
unilateral
can have no light perception

64
Q

continuous

outer –> ? –> CB –> inner

A

anterior epithelium w/ dilator + sphincter muscle –> CB –> posterior epi

65
Q

continuous

outer –> ? –> IRIS –> inner

A

anterior pigmented epi –> CB –> inner non-pig epi

66
Q

continuous

outer –> ? –> RETINA –> inner

A

RPE –> retina –> neural retina

67
Q

how is the optic stalk made

A

tissue joining the vesicle to the neural tube constricts

68
Q

what structures are needed for the lens placode to develop

A

optic vesicle and surface ectoderm

69
Q

y suture cataract

A

allows lines of suture, very common
can see around- not visually important
can use location for timeline of development

70
Q

retinopathy of prematurity

A

baby born early- put in 02 chamber
retinal bv dont develop bc no need
after taken out - you get neovascularization- ret detach
now they gradually take out to complete growth

71
Q

what happens in neural retina at week 7

A

migration of the proliferative zone
rpe –> outer neuroblastic layer (2 cells) –> transient later chievits –> inner neuroblastic layer (2 cells) –> marginal zone of His –> vitreous

72
Q

eyelids mesenchyme

A

tarsal plate, obicularis, tarsal plate muller

  • rare for muscles to be formed by neural cells
  • sphincter + dilator is an exception
73
Q

day 22- neural

A

neural folds fuse to form neural tube –> brain + spinal cord
brain = neural ectoderm

74
Q

ocular albinism

A

reduced pigmentation of ocular structure, no foveal depression, BVA: 20/30
-underdeveloped macula from lack of signals from RPE

75
Q

what 2 zones does the neural retina form

A

proliferative (germinative) zone: outer closest to RPE, has cell bodies ( 4 cells)
marginal zone of His (inner, anuclear)

76
Q

CB: neural crest

A

ciliary muscle, ciliary stroma

77
Q

CB: neural ectoderm

A

outer pigment epi, inner non-pig epi

78
Q

what gives rise to choroid and what structures needed

A

neural crest cells

needs RPE contact or proper development

79
Q

when does hyaloid artery system begin

A

week 5

80
Q

neural crest cells: cornea

A

cornea stroma + endo

81
Q

when does development of neural retina

A

week 4-6 cells of inner layer of optic cup form 2 zones

82
Q

congenital cataract

embryonic cataract

A

formation in embryonic nucleus

devasting to vision, surgery to avoid amblyopia

83
Q

when do neural retinal cells differential

A

month 3

84
Q

when does the neural groove and neural folds form

A

day 18-21

85
Q

lacrimal gland development

A

not fully formed at birth

not developed until 3-4yo

86
Q

when/where first place to see pigment in body and when

A

RPE at week 3-4

87
Q

when does optic pit turn into optic cup

A

day 25

88
Q

optic stalk –>

A

optic nerve

89
Q

fetal nucleus

A

anterior: upright y
posterior: inverted y

cells go posteriorly + anteriorly until they come together at midline

90
Q

when does folds of surface ectoderm + mesenchyme grow together

A

month 2

Visual System Anatomy (10 decks)

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