Skull M7 Flashcards
the head
- formed by skull bones
- houses the brain and special sensory organs eg. inner ear
- houses the face
- has one mobile joint - the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
function of the head
is important for communication, eating, seeing, hearing, smelling and tasting (senses)
the neck - functions
- structure that allows movement of the head
- contains passageways for the respiratory and circulatory systems
what are the two parts of the skull
- neurocranium (cranium)
- viscerocranium (facial skeleton)
neurocranium
- houses and protects the brain
- provides attachment for head and neck muscles
- houses the special sense organs for hearing
(inner ear)
viscerocranium (facial skeleton)
- framework for the face
- houses the special sense organs for vision,
smell and taste - contains openings for respiratory and
digestive tracts - contains the teeth - in oral cavity
- anchors the muscles of facial expressions
includes the only mobile joint of the skull - TMJ
skull bones - neurocranium
- frontal bone - 1x
- parietal bone - 2x
- temporal bone- 2x
- occipital bone -1x
- sphenoid bone - 1x
- ethmoid bone - 1x
skull bones -viscerocranium
- zygomatic bone - 2x
- maxilla - 2x
- mandible - 1x
- vomer -1x
- palatine bone - 2x
- nasal bone -2x
- lacrimal bone - 2x
- inferior nasal concha 2x
ethmoid bone
contributes to cranial cavity upward and downward contribute to nasal cavity. and sideways contributes to visual
what is the zygomatic arch formed by?
formed by zygomatic bone and temporal bone
sutures
- immovable fibrous joints bw skull bones
- three main structures: coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
structure of coronal - sutures
bw frontal and parietal bones
sagittal structure - in sutures
bw parietal bones
lambdoid structures - in sutures
bw parietal and occipital bones
pterion
- H-shaped intersection bw frontal, parietal,
temporal and sphenoid bone - weak point in skull - clinically sig. due
to branch of middle meningeal artery
running deep to it - where you would know our temple to be
infant skull features
- larger neurocranium
- smaller facial skeleton
- large orbits in relation to rest of face
- thin and soft bones
- fontanelles - soft spots were bone hasn’t fully fused
child skull features
- larger neurocranium and smaller facial skeleton - begin to even out features
- large orbits
- all bones are fully fuse
- infant teeth with adult teeth developing within upper and lower jaw bone
adult skull features
- larger facial skeleton
- adult teeth (possibly tooth gaps/ decay)
- paranasal sinuses (vary size)
elderly skull features
- smaller mandible
- generally smaller facial skeleton
- thinner bones
- loss of teeth
what is an anatomical space? what are 4 examples?
contain structures and allow for communication bw region
- cranial cavity, orbits, nasal cavity, oral cavity
what does the cranial cavity contain?
the brain
what does the orbit contain?
contains eyes and associated structures
what do nasal cavities include?
contain nasal passages
what does the oral cavity include?
contains teeth, tongue, etc.
what are paranasal sinuses?
- air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity into the surrounding skull bones
- lined by mucous membrane
what is the function of paranasal sinuses?
- lighten the skull
- warm and humidify inspired air
- create resonance of the voice
what are the different type of sinuses? how are they named?
- frontal sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, sphenoidal sinuses, maxillary sinuses
- names according to bones in which they are found
what does TMJ stand for?
temporomandibular joint
what is the classification of the TMJ
ONLY MOBILE JOINT IN SKULL
- modified synovial hinge joint (mobile - can flex/ extend)
what are the artificial surfaces of the TMJ?
-mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone
- condyle of mandible
joint cavity is divided into 2 part by an articular disc
what is occlusion?
when mouth is shut and resting
what are the movements of the mandibular (TMJ)
- elevation and depression
- protrusion and retrusion
- lateral excursion and deviation
TMJ movement- elevation+ depression
- superior and inferior hinge-like movement
- occurs in inferior joint cavity
TMJ movements - protrusions and retrusion
- anterior and posterior gliding movement
- occurs in superior joint cavity
TMJ movement - lateral excursion/ deviation
- side to side gliding movement
- occurs in superior joint cavity
what is the word for gliding movements?
translation
functions of the face
- brings together the organs for seeing, smelling, speaking, eating (including suckling) and tasting
- all involve orifices (eyes, nose and mouth)
that require protection and control - identification / recognition
- expression - non- verbal communication
- eating - aiding in mastication and the oral phase of swallowing
- speech - articulation
sensory innervation of the face - trigeminal nerve
- the face (including the mucous membranes lining the eyes, nasal and oral cavities) receives its sensory innervation from the divisions of the trigeminal nerve:
> ophthalmic nerve (V1)
> maxillary nerve (V2)
> mandibular nerve (V3)
what supplies blood to the face?
arteries supplying blood to the face are mainly branches of the external carotid artery ( branch of common carotid
what are the 5 types of arteries that supply blood to the face?
- superior thyroid artery
- lingual artery
- facial artery
4 .superficial temporal artery - maxillary artery
of the types of arteries that supply blood to the face, which are the anterior branch of the external carotid artery
- superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery = 3 anterior branch of external carotid artery
- superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery = 2 terminal branch of external carotid artery
what assists in venous drainage of the face?
veins draining the face accompany the arteries and ultimately drain into the jugular veins
what are the types of veins that assist in venous drainage?
- superior thyroid vein
- lingual vein
- facial vein
- superficial temporal vein
- maxillary vein
what are the major groups of lymph nodes?
submandibular
submental
cervical (superficial and deep)
what are the submandibular and submental lymph nodes part of?
superficial ring of lymph node - pericervical collar
lymphatic drainage of the face
submandibular, submental, and superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into deep cervical lymph nodes (located along internal jugular vein)
what parts of face are part of ophthalmic nerve?
- dorsum of nose
- forehead
- upper eyelid
what parts of face are part of maxillary nerve?
- ala of nose
- upper lip
- lower eyelid
what parts of face are part of mandibular nerve?
- lower lip
- chin
