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Anatomy and Physiology > Skull M7 > Flashcards

Skull M7 Flashcards

1
Q

the head

A
  • formed by skull bones
  • houses the brain and special sensory organs eg. inner ear
  • houses the face
  • has one mobile joint - the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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2
Q

function of the head

A

is important for communication, eating, seeing, hearing, smelling and tasting (senses)

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3
Q

the neck - functions

A
  • structure that allows movement of the head
  • contains passageways for the respiratory and circulatory systems
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4
Q

what are the two parts of the skull

A
  • neurocranium (cranium)
  • viscerocranium (facial skeleton)
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5
Q

neurocranium

A
  • houses and protects the brain
  • provides attachment for head and neck muscles
  • houses the special sense organs for hearing
    (inner ear)
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6
Q

viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

A
  • framework for the face
  • houses the special sense organs for vision,
    smell and taste
  • contains openings for respiratory and
    digestive tracts
  • contains the teeth - in oral cavity
  • anchors the muscles of facial expressions
    includes the only mobile joint of the skull - TMJ
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7
Q

skull bones - neurocranium

A
  • frontal bone - 1x
  • parietal bone - 2x
  • temporal bone- 2x
  • occipital bone -1x
  • sphenoid bone - 1x
  • ethmoid bone - 1x
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8
Q

skull bones -viscerocranium

A
  • zygomatic bone - 2x
  • maxilla - 2x
  • mandible - 1x
  • vomer -1x
  • palatine bone - 2x
  • nasal bone -2x
  • lacrimal bone - 2x
  • inferior nasal concha 2x
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9
Q

ethmoid bone

A

contributes to cranial cavity upward and downward contribute to nasal cavity. and sideways contributes to visual

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10
Q

what is the zygomatic arch formed by?

A

formed by zygomatic bone and temporal bone

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11
Q

sutures

A
  • immovable fibrous joints bw skull bones
  • three main structures: coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
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12
Q

structure of coronal - sutures

A

bw frontal and parietal bones

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13
Q

sagittal structure - in sutures

A

bw parietal bones

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14
Q

lambdoid structures - in sutures

A

bw parietal and occipital bones

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15
Q

pterion

A
  • H-shaped intersection bw frontal, parietal,
    temporal and sphenoid bone
  • weak point in skull - clinically sig. due
    to branch of middle meningeal artery
    running deep to it
  • where you would know our temple to be
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16
Q

infant skull features

A
  • larger neurocranium
  • smaller facial skeleton
  • large orbits in relation to rest of face
  • thin and soft bones
  • fontanelles - soft spots were bone hasn’t fully fused
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17
Q

child skull features

A
  • larger neurocranium and smaller facial skeleton - begin to even out features
  • large orbits
  • all bones are fully fuse
  • infant teeth with adult teeth developing within upper and lower jaw bone
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18
Q

adult skull features

A
  • larger facial skeleton
  • adult teeth (possibly tooth gaps/ decay)
  • paranasal sinuses (vary size)
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19
Q

elderly skull features

A
  • smaller mandible
  • generally smaller facial skeleton
  • thinner bones
  • loss of teeth
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20
Q

what is an anatomical space? what are 4 examples?

A

contain structures and allow for communication bw region
- cranial cavity, orbits, nasal cavity, oral cavity

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21
Q

what does the cranial cavity contain?

A

the brain

22
Q

what does the orbit contain?

A

contains eyes and associated structures

23
Q

what do nasal cavities include?

A

contain nasal passages

24
Q

what does the oral cavity include?

A

contains teeth, tongue, etc.

25
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A
  • air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity into the surrounding skull bones
  • lined by mucous membrane
26
Q

what is the function of paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. lighten the skull
  2. warm and humidify inspired air
  3. create resonance of the voice
27
Q

what are the different type of sinuses? how are they named?

A
  • frontal sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, sphenoidal sinuses, maxillary sinuses
  • names according to bones in which they are found
28
Q

what does TMJ stand for?

A

temporomandibular joint

29
Q

what is the classification of the TMJ

A

ONLY MOBILE JOINT IN SKULL
- modified synovial hinge joint (mobile - can flex/ extend)

30
Q

what are the artificial surfaces of the TMJ?

A

-mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone
- condyle of mandible

joint cavity is divided into 2 part by an articular disc

31
Q

what is occlusion?

A

when mouth is shut and resting

32
Q

what are the movements of the mandibular (TMJ)

A
  • elevation and depression
  • protrusion and retrusion
  • lateral excursion and deviation
33
Q

TMJ movement- elevation+ depression

A
  • superior and inferior hinge-like movement
  • occurs in inferior joint cavity
34
Q

TMJ movements - protrusions and retrusion

A
  • anterior and posterior gliding movement
  • occurs in superior joint cavity
35
Q

TMJ movement - lateral excursion/ deviation

A
  • side to side gliding movement
  • occurs in superior joint cavity
36
Q

what is the word for gliding movements?

A

translation

37
Q

functions of the face

A
  • brings together the organs for seeing, smelling, speaking, eating (including suckling) and tasting
    - all involve orifices (eyes, nose and mouth)
    that require protection and control
  • identification / recognition
  • expression - non- verbal communication
  • eating - aiding in mastication and the oral phase of swallowing
  • speech - articulation
38
Q

sensory innervation of the face - trigeminal nerve

A
  • the face (including the mucous membranes lining the eyes, nasal and oral cavities) receives its sensory innervation from the divisions of the trigeminal nerve:
    > ophthalmic nerve (V1)
    > maxillary nerve (V2)
    > mandibular nerve (V3)
39
Q

what supplies blood to the face?

A

arteries supplying blood to the face are mainly branches of the external carotid artery ( branch of common carotid

40
Q

what are the 5 types of arteries that supply blood to the face?

A
  1. superior thyroid artery
  2. lingual artery
  3. facial artery
    4 .superficial temporal artery
  4. maxillary artery
41
Q

of the types of arteries that supply blood to the face, which are the anterior branch of the external carotid artery

A
  • superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery = 3 anterior branch of external carotid artery
  • superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery = 2 terminal branch of external carotid artery
42
Q

what assists in venous drainage of the face?

A

veins draining the face accompany the arteries and ultimately drain into the jugular veins

43
Q

what are the types of veins that assist in venous drainage?

A
  1. superior thyroid vein
    1. lingual vein
    2. facial vein
    3. superficial temporal vein
    4. maxillary vein
44
Q

what are the major groups of lymph nodes?

A

submandibular
submental
cervical (superficial and deep)

45
Q

what are the submandibular and submental lymph nodes part of?

A

superficial ring of lymph node - pericervical collar

46
Q

lymphatic drainage of the face

A

submandibular, submental, and superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into deep cervical lymph nodes (located along internal jugular vein)

47
Q

what parts of face are part of ophthalmic nerve?

A
  • dorsum of nose
  • forehead
  • upper eyelid
48
Q

what parts of face are part of maxillary nerve?

A
  • ala of nose
  • upper lip
  • lower eyelid
49
Q

what parts of face are part of mandibular nerve?

A
  • lower lip
  • chin
50
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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