Skull M7

Question 1

the head

Answer 1

• formed by skull bones
• houses the brain and special sensory organs eg. inner ear
• houses the face
• has one mobile joint - the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 2

function of the head

Answer 2

is important for communication, eating, seeing, hearing, smelling and tasting (senses)

Question 3

the neck - functions

Answer 3

• structure that allows movement of the head
• contains passageways for the respiratory and circulatory systems

Question 4

what are the two parts of the skull

Answer 4

• neurocranium (cranium)
• viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

Question 5

neurocranium

Answer 5

• houses and protects the brain
• provides attachment for head and neck muscles
• houses the special sense organs for hearing
  (inner ear)

Question 6

viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

Answer 6

• framework for the face
• houses the special sense organs for vision,
  smell and taste
• contains openings for respiratory and
  digestive tracts
• contains the teeth - in oral cavity
• anchors the muscles of facial expressions
  includes the only mobile joint of the skull - TMJ

Question 7

skull bones - neurocranium

Answer 7

• frontal bone - 1x
• parietal bone - 2x
• temporal bone- 2x
• occipital bone -1x
• sphenoid bone - 1x
• ethmoid bone - 1x

Question 8

skull bones -viscerocranium

Answer 8

• zygomatic bone - 2x
• maxilla - 2x
• mandible - 1x
• vomer -1x
• palatine bone - 2x
• nasal bone -2x
• lacrimal bone - 2x
• inferior nasal concha 2x

Question 9

ethmoid bone

Answer 9

contributes to cranial cavity upward and downward contribute to nasal cavity. and sideways contributes to visual

Question 10

what is the zygomatic arch formed by?

Answer 10

formed by zygomatic bone and temporal bone

Question 11

sutures

Answer 11

• immovable fibrous joints bw skull bones
• three main structures: coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

Question 12

structure of coronal - sutures

Answer 12

bw frontal and parietal bones

Question 13

sagittal structure - in sutures

Answer 13

bw parietal bones

Question 14

lambdoid structures - in sutures

Answer 14

bw parietal and occipital bones

Question 15

pterion

Answer 15

• H-shaped intersection bw frontal, parietal,
  temporal and sphenoid bone
• weak point in skull - clinically sig. due
  to branch of middle meningeal artery
  running deep to it
• where you would know our temple to be

Question 16

infant skull features

Answer 16

• larger neurocranium
• smaller facial skeleton
• large orbits in relation to rest of face
• thin and soft bones
• fontanelles - soft spots were bone hasn’t fully fused

Question 17

child skull features

Answer 17

• larger neurocranium and smaller facial skeleton - begin to even out features
• large orbits
• all bones are fully fuse
• infant teeth with adult teeth developing within upper and lower jaw bone

Question 18

adult skull features

Answer 18

• larger facial skeleton
• adult teeth (possibly tooth gaps/ decay)
• paranasal sinuses (vary size)

Question 19

elderly skull features

Answer 19

• smaller mandible
• generally smaller facial skeleton
• thinner bones
• loss of teeth

Question 20

what is an anatomical space? what are 4 examples?

Answer 20

contain structures and allow for communication bw region
- cranial cavity, orbits, nasal cavity, oral cavity

Question 21

what does the cranial cavity contain?

Answer 21

the brain

Question 22

what does the orbit contain?

Answer 22

contains eyes and associated structures

Question 23

what do nasal cavities include?

Answer 23

contain nasal passages

Question 24

what does the oral cavity include?

Answer 24

contains teeth, tongue, etc.

Question 25

what are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 25

- air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity into the surrounding skull bones - lined by mucous membrane

Question 26

what is the function of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 26

1. lighten the skull 2. warm and humidify inspired air 3. create resonance of the voice

Question 27

what are the different type of sinuses? how are they named?

Answer 27

- frontal sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, sphenoidal sinuses, maxillary sinuses - names according to bones in which they are found

Question 28

what does TMJ stand for?

Answer 28

temporomandibular joint

Question 29

what is the classification of the TMJ

Answer 29

ONLY MOBILE JOINT IN SKULL - modified synovial hinge joint (mobile - can flex/ extend)

Question 30

what are the artificial surfaces of the TMJ?

Answer 30

-mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone - condyle of mandible joint cavity is divided into 2 part by an articular disc

Question 31

what is occlusion?

Answer 31

when mouth is shut and resting

Question 32

what are the movements of the mandibular (TMJ)

Answer 32

- elevation and depression - protrusion and retrusion - lateral excursion and deviation

Question 33

TMJ movement- elevation+ depression

Answer 33

- superior and inferior hinge-like movement - occurs in inferior joint cavity

Question 34

TMJ movements - protrusions and retrusion

Answer 34

- anterior and posterior gliding movement - occurs in superior joint cavity

Question 35

TMJ movement - lateral excursion/ deviation

Answer 35

- side to side gliding movement - occurs in superior joint cavity

Question 36

what is the word for gliding movements?

Answer 36

translation

Question 37

functions of the face

Answer 37

- brings together the organs for seeing, smelling, speaking, eating (including suckling) and tasting - all involve orifices (eyes, nose and mouth) that require protection and control - identification / recognition - expression - non- verbal communication - eating - aiding in mastication and the oral phase of swallowing - speech - articulation

Question 38

sensory innervation of the face - trigeminal nerve

Answer 38

- the face (including the mucous membranes lining the eyes, nasal and oral cavities) receives its sensory innervation from the divisions of the trigeminal nerve: > ophthalmic nerve (V1) > maxillary nerve (V2) > mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 39

what supplies blood to the face?

Answer 39

arteries supplying blood to the face are mainly branches of the external carotid artery ( branch of common carotid

Question 40

what are the 5 types of arteries that supply blood to the face?

Answer 40

1. superior thyroid artery 2. lingual artery 3. facial artery 4 .superficial temporal artery 5. maxillary artery

Question 41

of the types of arteries that supply blood to the face, which are the anterior branch of the external carotid artery

Answer 41

- superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery = 3 anterior branch of external carotid artery - superficial temporal artery, maxillary artery = 2 terminal branch of external carotid artery

Question 42

what assists in venous drainage of the face?

Answer 42

veins draining the face accompany the arteries and ultimately drain into the jugular veins

Question 43

what are the types of veins that assist in venous drainage?

Answer 43

1. superior thyroid vein 2. lingual vein 3. facial vein 4. superficial temporal vein 5. maxillary vein

Question 44

what are the major groups of lymph nodes?

Answer 44

submandibular submental cervical (superficial and deep)

Question 45

what are the submandibular and submental lymph nodes part of?

Answer 45

superficial ring of lymph node - pericervical collar

Question 46

lymphatic drainage of the face

Answer 46

submandibular, submental, and superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into deep cervical lymph nodes (located along internal jugular vein)

Question 47

what parts of face are part of ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 47

- dorsum of nose - forehead - upper eyelid

Question 48

what parts of face are part of maxillary nerve?

Answer 48

- ala of nose - upper lip - lower eyelid

Question 49

what parts of face are part of mandibular nerve?

Answer 49

- lower lip - chin