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Anatomy and Physiology > Introduction to Nervous System and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Introduction to Nervous System and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Branches of the NS

A

Nervous System

Peripheral Central

Autonomic
Somatic

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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2
Q

what is the peripheral NS

A

everything else that is not either the brain or the spinal cord - not C NS

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3
Q

autonomic

A

think it is automatic while somatic is voluntary eg. speech production

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4
Q

types of neurons

A

unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar

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5
Q

what is a neuron

A

structural and functional unit of the NS

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6
Q

glial cells

A
  • non- neuronal cells that provide service for the neurons eg. nourish, support and protect neurons
    - CNS - astrocytes (blood brain barrier), oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath), ependymal cells (CSF, brain metabolism), microglia (infection and inflammation)
    • PNS - Schwann (myelin sheath), satellite (SNS/PNS), enteric (gut)
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7
Q

components of the CNS

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord

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8
Q

cerebrum

A
  • frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
  • primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
  • primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe) - hearing
  • primary somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe) - sensations eg. touch
  • Wernicke’s area (periotemple area) - comprehension of speech
    • Broca’s area (frontal lobe) - productions of speech
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9
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates human movement

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10
Q

what are nerves

A
  • nerves transport to and from regions to connect to the CNS (sensory, motor or both)
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11
Q

spinal nerves

A
  • spinal nerves - come from spinal cord and go out. both sensory and motor fibres
    and exit and enter the CNS via the spinal cord
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12
Q

cranial nerves

A

nerves exit and enter the CNS via the cerebrum or brainstem can
be sensory (general and/or special) motor fibres or both sensory and motor
nerve fibre types

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13
Q

nerve fibre types

A
  • motor (efferent) vs sensory (afferent) vs both
  • general vs special
  • visceral vs somatic
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14
Q

motor and sensory

A
  • sensory fibres - from PNS to CNS (eg. touch of our skin, taste from our tongue)
  • somatic sensory (from body wall) and visceral sensory (from organs)
  • motor fibre - from CNS to PNS to effect muscles
  • somatic motor (to body wall muscles) and visceral motor (to glands or organs)
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15
Q

all possible nerve fibre types / classification

A
  • general somatic afferent
  • general visceral afferent
  • special somatic afferent
  • special visceral afferent
  • general somatic afferent
  • general visceral efferent
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16
Q

epineurium

A

wraps around the entire nerve. It is comprised of many
fascicles, arteries, veins and adipose tissue

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17
Q

perineurium nerve fibre

A

bundles many nerve filaments into fascicles

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18
Q

endoneurium nerve fibre

A

wraps around each nerve filament

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19
Q

what nerve is sense of smell

A

olfactory

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20
Q

what nerve is ability to see

A

optic

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21
Q

what nerve is ability to move and blink your eyes

A

oculomotor

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22
Q

what nerve is the ability to move your eyes up and down/ back or forth

A

trochllear

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23
Q

what nerve is sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements

A

trigeminal

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24
Q

what nerve involves ability to move your eyes

A

abducens

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25
what nerve involves facial expressions and sense of tastr
facial
26
what nerve involve hearing and balance
vestibulocochlear
27
what nerve involves ability to taste and swallow
glossopharyngeal
28
what nerve involves digestion and heart rate
vagus
29
what nerve involves shoulder and neck muscle movement
accessory
30
what nerve involves ability to move your tongue
hypoglossal
31
is olfactory afferent or efferent
afferent
32
is optic afferent or efferent
afferent
33
cranial nerves for hearing
Vestibulocochlear Nerve - CN VIII
34
Vestibulocochlear Nerve - CN VIII
- purely sensory cranial nerve - combination of two nerves: - balance - semicircular canals and utricle and saccule - hearing - cochle
35
cranial nerves for swallowing
CN V Trigeminal Nerve , CN VII Facial, CN IX Glossopharyngeal, CN X Vagus, CN XI Accessory, CN XII Hypoglossal
36
CN XII Hypoglossal
- motor nerve - general somatic efferent to the muscles of the tongue (intrinsic and majority of extrinsic)
37
CN XI Accessory
motor nerve - general somatic efferent to some neck muscles
38
CN X Vagus
- general somatic efferent to muscles of the many of the pharyngeal and velar muscles (for swallowing) and larynx ( voice) - general somatic afferent from the larynx and pharyngeal region as well as from the ear drum and external ear
39
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
special visceral afferent for posterior 1/3rd of the tongue (taste) - contain general somatic afferent (touch, pressure, pain) for pharynx and posterior tongue surfaces - general visceral efferent fibres to the parotid saliva glands - general somatic efferent fibres to stylopharyngeus that helps elevate the pharynx in swallowing
40
CN VII Facial
- general somatic efferent fibres for the muscles of face (expression and lip movement) and one of the small middle ear muscles that helps in the auditory protective reflex - general visceral efferent fibres to the glands (eg. tears and saliva) - special visceral afferent fibres to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue (taste) - general somatic afferent from posterior ear canal
41
CN V Trigeminal Nerve - mixed (3 branched) nerve
- 3 branches are - Ophthalmic (CN V1 - sensory), Maxillary (CN V2 - sensory), Mandibular (CN V3- mixed) - general somatic afferent (touch, pressure, pain) sensation of the face, mucous membrane's, and other structures of the head - general somatic efferent fibres to the muscles mastication
42
anterior
front direction / toward my body > my stomach is anterior to my spine
43
posterior
back direction/ rear of the body > my spine is posterior to my stomach
44
superior
towards the head/ top of the body > my chest is superior to my pelvis
45
inferior
away from head/ towards feet > my pelvis is inferior to my chest
46
proximal
toward or nearest to point of origin of a body part > my elbow is proximal to my wrist
47
distal
away from trunk/ point of origin
48
medial
towards the middle > my nose is medial to my eye
49
lateral
away from middle > my eye is lateral to my nose
50
superficial
closer to / on the surface > my skin is superficial to my bones
51
deep
further in body/ deeper > my bones are deep to my muscles
52
what are the three planes
sagittal plane, horizantal/ transverse and coronel/ frontal plane
53
sagittal plane
left/ right
54
transverse
upper / lower
55
coronel plane
front/ back
56
flexion
decrease angle of body part or joint eg. bending arm
57
extension
increase angle of body part or joint eg. stretching arm
58
adduction and abduction
- abduction = movement away from the body - adduction = movement towards the body
59
rotation
pivot around an axis - can be whole body or just body part
60
gliding
when 2 joints/ body part glide + causes friction eg. chewing
61
circumduction
combo of movements conducted in circular motion
62
elevation vs depression
- elevation = movement in a superior direction - depression = movement in an inferior direction
63
protraction vs retraction
- protraction = push/ stick out part of a body - retraction = moves on a parallel plane back into original position

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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