Skull Flashcards
Most skull bones consist of an outer and inner table of ______ bone with
the ______ (spongy bone) between.
Most skull bones consist of an outer and inner table of compact bone with
the dipolë (spongy bone) between.
ORGANIZATON OF THE SKULL
The skull is divided into the _________, which houses the brain, and the _________, which forms the skeleton of the face.
The skull is divided into the neurocranium, which houses the brain, and the viscerocranium, which forms the skeleton of the face.
Viscerocranium: Bones (14) that comprise facial skeleton
(6) Paired:
(2) Unpaired:
Viscerocranium: Bones (14) that comprise facial skeleton
Paired:
* Nasal
* Lacrimal
* Zygomatic
* Maxilla
* Inferior nasal concha
* Palatine
Unpaired:
* Mandible
* Vomer
Neurocranium: Bones (8) of the skull that house the brain
(2) Paired:
(4) Unpaired:
Neurocranium: Bones (8) of the skull that house the brain
(2) Paired:
* Temporal
* Parietal
(4) Unpaired:
* Occipital
* Frontal
* Sphenoid
* Ethmoid
The ______ is the roof of the cranial cavity formed by the _____ bone, _______ bones &
_________ bone
The calvaria is the roof of the cranial cavity formed by the frontal bone, parietal bones &
occipital bone
Intersection of parietal bones and occipital bone
Lambda
Intersection of frontal bone and parietal bones
Bregma
______ are fibrous (synarthrosis) joints between the cranial bones. During development, the ______ allow for birth & growth:
* Fetal skull - _______ are wide
and allow slight movement
Sutures are fibrous (synarthrosis) joints between the cranial bones. During development, the sutures allow for birth & growth:
*Fetal skull - sutures are wide
and allow slight movement
The bones of the skull develop in part as membranous bones and at birth result in ___ prominent ________.
The bones of the skull develop in part as membranous bones and at birth result in 4 prominent fontanelles.
________ are connective tissue membranes between cranial bones that ________ to close at various stages of
development.
Fontanelles are connective tissue membranes between cranial bones that mineralize to close at various stages of
development.
Sphenoidal Fontanelle:
Closes months
Mastoid Fontanelle:
Closes 6 – 28 months
Posterior Fontanelle:
Closes 6-8 months
Anterior Fontanelle:
Closes 14-18 months
Sphenoidal Fontanelle:
Closes ___ months
Mastoid Fontanelle:
Closes ___ – ____ months
Posterior Fontanelle:
Closes ___-___ months
Anterior Fontanelle:
Closes ___-___ months
Premature closure of the sagittal suture results in ______, also unknown as sagittal _______.
Premature closure of the sagittal suture results in scaphocephaly, also unknown as sagittal synostosis.
The ____ (squamous part) is the anterior flat part of the frontal bone.
The squama (squamous part) is the anterior flat part of the frontal bone.
The _______ arches are the bony elevations located superior to the orbit
The superciliary arches are the bony elevations located superior to the orbit
The _______ is the smooth area between the two superciliary arches
The glabella is the smooth area between the two superciliary arches
The ____ _____ is the
circular-shaped edge
of the orbit
The orbital rim is the
circular-shaped edge
of the orbit
what is transmitted through the supraorbital notch (foramen)
onto the face (3)
The supraorbital nerve (Branch of CN V1), artery, and vein
are transmitted through the supraorbital notch (foramen) onto the face
Terminal branches of CN ___ (______l nerve) travel through openings on the anterior skull to reach the face
Terminal branches of CN V (Trigeminal nerve) travel through openings on the anterior skull to reach the face
what is transmitted through the infraorbital foramen onto the face
The infraorbital nerve (CN V1 branch), artery, and vein are transmitted through the infraorbital foramen onto the face
The ________ process of the maxilla is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the _______ _______ (tooth
sockets)
The alveolar process of the maxilla is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the maxillary alveoli (tooth
sockets)
The ________ aperture is the pear-shaped opening of the nasal cavity
The piriform aperture is the pear-shaped opening of the nasal cavity
a midline ridge, beginning at the
external occipital protuberance
and descending to the foramen
magnum; an attachment sight
for the nuchal ligament
External occipital crest
on the posterior aspect of the skull, the ____ _____ serve as attachment sites for muscles
on the posterior aspect of the skull, the nuchal lines serve as attachment sites for muscles
a posterior median bony
protrusion of the
occipital bone
External occipital
protuberance
- The lateral projections off the external occipital protuberance are the ______ nuchal lines
- Below these are the less prominent _______ nuchal lines
- The lateral projections off the external occipital protuberance are the superior nuchal lines
- Below these are the less prominent inferior nuchal lines
The zygomatic arch is formed by the ________ process of the ________ bone and the _______ process of the _________ bone
The zygomatic arch is formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
The ________ arch divides the ______
fossa from the _______ fossa
The zygomatic arch divides the temporal fossa from the infratemporal fossa
- Temporal fossa: ______ wing of the _______ bone and squamous part of the ______ bone form the temporal fossa
- Infratemporal fossa: ________. ________ process of the ______ bone below the infratemporal crest, posterior to the maxilla, forms the infratemporal fossa
- Temporal fossa: Greater wing of the sphenoid bone and squamous part of the temporal bone form the temporal fossa
- Infratemporal fossa: Lateral pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone below the
infratemporal crest, posterior to the maxilla, forms the infratemporal fossa
The ______ fossa of the ______ bone articulates with the head of the _______ at the temporomandibular
joint (TMJ)
The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with the head of the mandible at the temporomandibular
joint (TMJ)
The tympanic part of the temporal bone forms the
external acoustic meatus
The mastoid process and notch are attachment sites of muscles in the _______:
The mastoid process and notch are attachment sites of muscles in the neck
- The ______ process serves as an attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- The mastoid process serves as an attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- The mastoid ______ is located immediately ______ to the mastoid process and serves as an attachment site for the ________ belly of the digastric muscle
- The mastoid notch is located immediately medial to the mastoid process and serves as an attachment site
for the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
a circular boney
depression that protects the pituitary gland
Hypophyseal fossa: a circular boney
depression that protects the pituitary gland
The _____ process of the temporal bone serves as an attachment site for numerous muscles and ligament
The styloid process of the temporal bone serves as an attachment site for numerous muscles and ligament
a hollow space located in the body
of the sphenoid bone
Sphenoid sinus: a hollow
space located in the body
of the sphenoid bone
The interior of the base of the skull is the cranial floor and is separated into three regions:
Anterior Cranial Fossa
Middle Cranial Fossa
Posterior Cranial Fossa
The _________ plate of the ethmoid bone is located in the ________ cranial fossa.
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is located in the anterior cranial fossa.
CN I (Olfactory nerve) travels
through the _________ plate
CN I (Olfactory nerve) travels
through the cribriform plate
The boundaries between the anterior and middle cranial fossa are the ______ wing and the ________ groove of the sphenoid bone
The boundaries between the anterior and middle cranial fossa are the lesser wing and the prechiasmatic groove of the sphenoid bone
The optic canal is an opening in the _______ wing of the sphenoid bone.
The optic canal is an opening in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
what travels through the optic canal
CN II (Optic n.)
Ophthalmic a.
The _______ wing of the sphenoid bone fills the floor of the middle cranial fossa and transmits three divisions of the _______ nerve (CN __1, ___2, and __3 )
The greater wing of the sphenoid bone fills the floor of the middle cranial fossa and transmits three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1, V2, and V3 )
- Superior orbital fissure: CN (4)
- Foramen rotundum: (1)
- Foramen ovale: (1)
- Superior orbital fissure: CN III, IV, V1, VI
- Foramen rotundum: V2
- Foramen ovale: V3
The internal carotid artery travels through the ______ canal to enter the cranial cavity.
The internal carotid artery travels through the carotid canal to enter the cranial cavity.
- The internal carotid a. turns within the carotid canal, it traverses over foramen ______
- The internal carotid a. turns within the carotid canal, it traverses over foramen lacerum
- Foramen lacerum, in life, is covered with _______
- Foramen lacerum, in life, is covered with cartilage
the pituitary gland has it’s own bony home created by the ____ _____
the pituitary gland has it’s own bony home created by the sella turcica. The tuberculum sellae, hypophyseal fossa,
and dorsum sellae create the sella turcica
Hypophyseal Fossa
a transverse bony ridge posterior to the hypophyseal fossa
Dorsum sellae - a transverse bony ridge posterior to the hypophyseal fossa
a transverse bony ridge anterior to
the hypophyseal fossa
Tuberculum sellae – a transverse bony ridge anterior to
the hypophyseal fossa
The tuberculum sellae, hypophyseal fossa, and dorsum sellae create the _____ ______
The tuberculum sellae, hypophyseal fossa, and dorsum sellae create the sella turcica
The boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa are the dorsum sellae and petrous ridge of the temporal bone
The boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa are the dorsum sellae and petrous ridge of the temporal bone
the internal acoustic meatus and jugular foramen are openings in the ______ cranial fossa.
the internal acoustic meatus and jugular foramen are openings in the posterior cranial fossa.
The hypoglossal canal and foramen magnum are holes in the _____ bone, located in the ______cranial fossa.
The hypoglossal canal and foramen magnum are holes in the occipital bone, located in the posterior cranial fossa.
Superior articular process of C__
articulates with the _____ condyle at the ____-_______ joint
Superior articular process of C1
articulates with the occipital condyle at the atlanto-occipital joint
The ____ _______ is the large opening in the occipital bone through which the brainstem & spinal cord travels along with nerves and vasculature
The foramen magnum is the large opening in the occipital bone through which the brainstem & spinal cord travels along with nerves and vasculature
The _______ canal is a tunnel located between the occipital condyle and jugular foramen. The ______ nerve (CN ____) travels through this opening.
The hypoglossal canal is a tunnel located between the occipital condyle and jugular foramen. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) travels through this opening.
Lateral to the occipital bone, the _____ part of the ______ bone helps form the floor of the cranial cavity. There are many foramina here to transmit cranial nerves and
vasculature.
Lateral to the occipital bone, the petrous part of the temporal bone helps form the floor of the cranial cavity. There are many foramina here to transmit cranial nerves and
vasculature.
What travels through the following?
External opening of carotid canal?
Jugular fossa/foramen?
External opening of carotid canal
* Internal carotid a.
Jugular fossa/foramen
- CN IX, X, XI and
*internal jugular vein
a relatively large hole in the posterior cranial fossa, located lateral to the anterior part of foramen magnum.
Jugular foramen
a deep depression situated on the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone that covers the bulb of the internal jugular vein; located posterior to the carotid canal; superiorly it is continuous with the jugular foramen.
Jugular fossa
The _________ foramen is located in between the styloid process and mastoid process of
the temporal bone through which branches of CN ____ (______ nerve) travel.
The stylomastoid foramen is located in between the styloid process and mastoid process of
the temporal bone through which branches of CN VII (Facial nerve) travel.
The sphenoid bone has two bilateral _________ processes that project downward.
The sphenoid bone has two bilateral pterygoid processes that project downward.
Foramen _____ is a hole in the _____ wing of the sphenoid bone that transmits a branch of the ____ nerve (CN ___)
Foramen ovale is a hole in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone that transmits a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
The hard palate is formed by the _____ processes of the _____
anteriorly and the ______ plates of the _______ bone posteriorly.
The hard palate is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae
anteriorly and the horizontal plates of the palatine bone posteriorly.
These openings in the posterior cranial fossa transmit which nerves?
Jugular foramen
* CN (3)
Internal acoustic meatus
* CN (2)
Jugular foramen
* CN IX, X, XI
Internal acoustic meatus
* CN VII, VIII
What goes through the following?
Hypoglossal canal?
Foramen Magnum?
Hypoglossal canal
* CN XII
Foramen Magnum
* Spinal cord/brainstem
* CN XI
* Vertebral arteries
* Spinal arteries
What travels through the foramen magnum?
Foramen Magnum
* Spinal cord/brainstem
* CN XI
* Vertebral arteries
* Spinal arteries
The ________ pterygoid plate serves as an attachment site for muscles of mastication (medial and lateral pterygoid muscles)
The lateral pterygoid plate serves as an attachment site for muscles of mastication (medial and lateral pterygoid muscles)
The _______ division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) travels through foramen _____
The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) travels through foramen ovale
