Introduction to the Nervous system Flashcards
Structural divisions of the neurological system
CNS and PNS
Functional divisions of the nervous system
Somatic and autonomic
What makes up the CNS?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What makes up the PNS?
Cranial and spinal nerves
What does the somatic nervous system do?
Conveys info between CNS and extremities/body wall
What does visceral nervous system do?
conveys info between CNS and blood vessels, glands, internal organs
Where do sensory nerves originate from?
skeletal muscle, body wall/extremities, organs
The Peripheral nervous system has two divisions. What are they?
the Sensory division and the motor division
Explain the sensory pathway
afferent
Conveys somatic (skeletal) and visceral (organs) sensory info from receptors -> CNS
Explain the divisions of the Motor division of the PNS
Autonomic and somatic
Explain somatic nervous system
voluntary - somatic motor
CNS -> skeletal muscle
Explain the two systems in the Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic: fight or flight (thoracic-lumbar system)
Parasympathetic: rest & digest (cranio-sacral system)
Autonomic nervous system pathway has ____ motor neuron(s)
2
Somatic nervous system has ____ motor neuron(s)
1
Describe a multipolar neuron
many dendrites -> cell body -> myelinated axon -> synapses with another neuron via NTs
Describe a pseudounipolar neuron
one cell body located off to one side
Dendrites on CNS side called “central process”
Dendrites on sensory receptor side called “peripheral process”
Describe a bipolar neuron
one centrally located cell body
Dendrites on special sensory neuron side
Dendrites on receptor side
What is a ganglion/ganglia in PNS
collection of neuron cell bodies
What is a ganglion/ganglia in CNS?
Nucleus/nuclei
What is a bundle of neuron axons in the PNS called?
Nerves
What is a bundle of neuron axons in the CNS called?
Tract
Location of lateral horn in spinal cord
T1-L2 and S2-S4
Afferent nerves transmit what?
Sensory
touch, pain/temperature
Efferent nerves transmit what?
motor
How many pairs of spinal nerves
31
Cervical nerves C1-C7 exit _______ to their named vertebrae
SUPERIOR
Cranial nerve C8 exits _____
inferior to C7
All other spinal nerves exit _______ to their named vertebrae
INFERIOR
Name the four basic fiber types
Afferent (sensory)
Efferent (somatic motor) to skeletal muscle
Pre-ganglionic sympathetic (visceral motor) to blood vessels & glands
Post-Ganglionic sympathetic (visceral motor) to blood vessels and glands
Nerves innervating skeletal muscle have (3) fiber types
- Efferent ( motor)
- Afferent (sensory)
- Post-ganglionic sympathetic (visceral motor) to blood vessels and glands
Nerves innervating the skin (cutaneous) or joints have (2) fiber types
- Afferent (sensory)
- Post-ganglionic sympathetic (visceral motor) to blood vessels and glands nerves innervating
Dorsal root of SC carries what kind of info?
Sensory
Touch, pain/temperature
Ventral root of SC carries what kind of info?
Motor
True spinal nerve contains what types of nerves?
sensory and motor
Dorsal rami will remain ________ throughout the entire length of the spinal cord
segmental
Dorsal rami carry motor, sensory, or both?
Both
What does the dorsal rami innervate
skin, intrinsic back muscles, and vasculature
Ventral rami may remain segmental or form a ______
plexus
Ventral rami carry motor, sensory or both?
Both
Ventral rami supply the…
skin, extrinsic back muscles, vasculature and muscles of the body wall and extremities
A dermatome is a strip of skin supplied by sensory branches of ________ and _______ rami from ____ spinal cord level
dorsal
Ventral
One
In the limbs, forbears from a single spinal cord level may be carried by several _______ _______ arising from a __________
peripheral nerves
Plexus
Cutaneous innervation is an area of ________ innervated by a __________ _________
skin
Peripheral nerve
Segmental innervation is a nerve from one spinal cord level _______ to a ________
proximal
Plexus
Myotome is a group of muscles innervated by a single _________ ________
spinal nerve
