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ADV TOP > Skinner > Flashcards

Skinner Flashcards

1
Q

A doctrine that avoids all hyptotherical constructs such as ego traits drives needs hunger and so forth

Skinner’s strict adherence to observable behavior

A

Radical behaviorism

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2
Q

Skinner is …

A

Determinist and environmentalist

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3
Q

First psychologist who systematically studied the consequenxes of behavior

A

Edward thorndike

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4
Q

Thorndike’s concept that learning takes place mostly because of the effects that follow a response

A

Law of effect

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5
Q

Two parts of law of effect

A

Reward

Punishment

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6
Q

Skinner’s notion is that

A

Psychology must avoid internal mental factors and confine itself to observanle physical events

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7
Q

Realm of philosophy

A

Cosmology

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8
Q

Behaviorism allows

A

Interpretation but not an explanation of causes

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9
Q

Accdg to skinner science has 3 characteristics.

What are those

A
  1. Science is cumulative
  2. Attitude that values empirical observation
  3. Search for order and lawful relationships
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10
Q

Scientific attitude

A

Rejects authority
Demands intellectual property
Suspends judgements

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11
Q

Behavior is determined and lawful and with this PCd are possible jn scientifoc behaviorism

A

Prediction
Control
Description

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12
Q

A response drawn out of the organism by a specific, identifiable stimulus

The behavior is elicited from the organism

Responsible for phobias fears and anxieties

A

Classical conditioning

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13
Q

Behavior is made more likelt to recur when it is immediately reinforced

Behavior is emitted

A

Operant conditioning

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14
Q

Procedure in which the experimenter or the environment first rewards gross approximations of the behavior the closer and finally the behavior itslef

A

Shaping

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15
Q

3 conditions operant conditioning

A

Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence

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16
Q

Refers to the environment or setting in which the behavior takes place

A

Antecedent

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17
Q

history of differential reinforcement. Consequence of reinforcement historyp

A

Operant discrimination

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18
Q

A response to a similar environment in the absence of previous reinforcement

A

Stimulus generalization

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19
Q

2 effects of reinforcement

A

Rewards the person and strengthens the behavior

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20
Q

Any stimulus that when added to a situation increases the probability that a given behavior will occur

A

Positive reinforcement

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21
Q

Removal, reduce, avoidance of adversive stimulus from a situation that increases the probability that preceding behavior will occur

A

Negative reinforcement

22
Q

Presentation of aversive stimulus of removal of postive one

A

Punishment

23
Q

Difference between punsihment and negative reinforcement

A

Negative strengthens a response wjile punishmebt does not

24
Q

imposed to prevent people from acting in a particular way

A

Punishmenf

25
Q

Effects of punishment

A

Suppress behavior
Conditioning of negative feeling
Spread of effect

26
Q

Are those environmental stimuli that are not by nature satisfying but become so becaus they are associated with such unlesrned or primary reinforcements

A

Conditioned reinforcers/secondary reinforcers/generalized reinforcers

27
Q

5 impt generalized reinforcers

A 
Attention
Approval
 affection 
Submission 
Tokens
28
Q

Reinforcements can be either continous or itermittent

A

/

29
Q

Organism is reinforced for every response.

Increases the frequency but not efficient

A

Continuous schedule

30
Q

Make kore efficient use of the reinforcer and produce responses resistant to extinction

A

Intermittent schedule

31
Q

5 pecks to 1 pellet food

A

Fixed ratio schedule

32
Q

Slot machine

Reinforced after every nth response on the average

A

Variable ratio

33
Q

Salary every 15th month

A

Fixed interval

34
Q

One in which the organism is reinforced after lapse of random or varied peroods of time

A

Variable interval schedule

35
Q

Defined as the tendency of a previously acquired response to become progressively weakened upon non reinforcement

A

Extinction

36
Q

Reasons for lost of responses

A

1 forgotten due to passage of time
2 interference of preceding or subsequent learning
3 disappear due to punishment
4 extinction

37
Q

Takes place whenan experimenter systematically witholds reinforcement of a previously learned response until the probability of response diminishes to zero

A

Operant extinction

38
Q

Human behavior is shaped by three forces

A

1 natural selection
2 cultural practices
3 history of reinforcements

39
Q

Social forces

A

Operant conditioning
Describing contingencies
Deprivation and satiation
Physical restraint

40
Q

Counteracting strategies

A

Escape
Revolt
Passive resistance

41
Q

People who counteraxt by ___ find it difficult to become involve in intimate personal relationship, tend to be mistrustful of people, and prefer to live lonely lives of non involvement

A

Escape

42
Q

Counteraxting the controlling agent

A

Revolt

43
Q

More subtle than those who rebel and more irritating to the controllers than those who rely on escape

Conspicious feature is stubborness

A

Passive resistance

44
Q

result of unsuccessful self control

A

Inappropriate behavior

45
Q

Inappropriate behaviors are

A 
Excessively vigorous behavior
Excessively restrained behavior
Blocking out reality
Defective self knowledge 
Self punishment
46
Q

Makes no sense in terms of contemporary situationsa but might be reasonable in terms of past history

A

Excessively vigorous behaviorp

47
Q

People use as a means of avoiding the aversive stimuli associated with punishment

A

Excessively restrained behavior

48
Q

Simply paying not attention to aversive stimuli

A

Blocking out reality

49
Q

Manifested un such self deluding responses as boasting rationalizing or claiming to be messiahs

A

Defective self knowledge

50
Q

Exemplified either by people dorectly punishing themselves or by arranging environmental variables so that they are punished by others

A

Self punishment

51
Q

Refers to the effexts of deprivation and satiation and to the corresponding probability that the organism woll respond
An explanatory fiction

A

Drive

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