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Companion Animal Med & Surgery > Skin Tumors > Flashcards

Skin Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Most common feline skin tumors (4)

A
  1. SCC
  2. trichoblastoma (basal cell tumor)
  3. injection site sarcoma
  4. MCT
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2
Q

You should NOT “wait and see” about a skin lump if:

A
  • present >1 month
  • >1cm
  • ulcerated/bothersome of pet
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3
Q

If you find a cutaneous mass, what are some first steps you should take?

A
  • measure w/ calipers
  • body mapping
  • aspirate
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4
Q

What size of masses are typically suitable for excisional biopsy?

A

< 3 cm

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5
Q

When is an incisional biopsy suitable?

A
  • large tumors
  • staging malignant tumors
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6
Q

Skin melanomas aren’t especially prone to metastasis, but possible sites of metastasis are:

A
  • regional lymph nodes
  • lungs
  • liver
  • meninges
  • adrenal glands
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7
Q

What is a fairly good “rule” about melanoma of haired skin?

A

generally benign

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8
Q

What is a suitable treatment for melanoma on haired skin?

A
  • Sx-1 cm margins & 1 fascial plane; submit for histopathology for margin eval and to determine mitotic index
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9
Q

Rank the prognosis for oral, skin, and digital melanoma from best to worst

A

skin, digital, oral

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10
Q

Recommended staging tests for digital melanoma

A
  • cytology draining LN
  • 3-view radiographs +/- abdominal US
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11
Q

What % of cases of digital melanoma metastasize?

A

30-40%

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12
Q

If a digit amputation is done for a digital melanoma that staged clean, how many dogs are alive after 2 years?

A

<15%

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13
Q

Biological behavior of oral melanoma

A
  • very locally invasive
  • high metastatic potential
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14
Q

Treatment for canine oral melanoma

A
  • surgery and/or RT + adjuvant systemic therapy (e.g. chemo, vaccine)
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15
Q

21% of canine skin tumors are ______

A

mast cell tumors

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16
Q

High risk breeds for MCT

A
  • Boxers
  • Bulldogs
  • Boston terriers
  • Labradors
  • Shar pei—usually a highly malignant variant
17
Q

Mast cell degranulation can result in:

A
  • Dariers’s sign
  • GI ulceration
  • Hypotension, shock
  • coagulopathies
  • wound dehiscence
18
Q

How is MCT grade determined?

A

via histopathology only

19
Q

What is the purpose of thoracic radiographs when dealing with MCT?

A

not to look for pulmonary metastases, but to allow for evaluation of sternal lymph nodes as the regional lymph node if the MCT is in the cranial part of the body

20
Q

What is the proper “surgical dose” for MCT removal?

A

wide excision

21
Q

Up to ____% of patients with low grade MCTs removed with confirmed clean margins develop additional cutaneous MCT

A

11%

22
Q

What is the role of hypofractionated RT in MCT treatment?

A
  • palliation of bulky MCT; alone or in combination with Palladia
23
Q

What is the role of full-course RT in MCT treatment?

A
  • often locally curative for incompletely excised MCTs in dogs
  • can be used for local control of bulky dz when Sx is not an option
24
Q

What is the role of conventional chemo in MCT treatment?

A
  • adjuvant therapy for high grade II and grade III MCT; may help decrease risk of metastasis and help survival
25
Q

How are tyrosinase kinase inhibitors such as Palladia and Kinavet used in MCT treatment?

A
  • originally intended for bulky disease
  • work better for MCT with c-kit mutations
26
Q

What three things should all dogs with a bulky MCT have?

A
  • corticosteroid
  • H1 blocker
  • H2 blocker &/or proton pump inhibitor
27
Q

_____% of cutaneous MCT in cats have splenic involvement

A

20

28
Q

Splenic or intestinal MCT account for ______% of all feline MCT cases

A

50%

29
Q

What is the most common cause of splenomegaly in cats?

A

Mast cell tumor of spleen

30
Q

Where do intestinal MCT tend to metastasize in cats?

A

liver, lymph nodes

31
Q

What has a better prognosis in the cat: splenic MCT or intestinal MCT?

A
  • splenic; long term survival possible with splenectomy even if disease has spread beyone spleen
32
Q

Biologic behavior of soft tissue sarcomas

A
  • locally invasive
    • infiltrate fascial planes
    • pseudocapsules
  • generally low metastatic potential (unless high grade)
  • slow growing, non-painful
  • often firm and attached
  • recurrence after conservative surgery is common
33
Q

What are some tumors that are NOT considered STS?

A
  • histiocytic sarcoma
  • hemangiosarcoma
  • osteosarcoma
  • chondrosarcoma
  • melanoma
  • lymphoma
34
Q

What is the most common location for soft tissue sarcomas?

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue

35
Q

What is factors are associated with soft tissue sarcomas?

A
  • chronic inflammation
  • trauma
  • foreign bodies
  • implants
  • injection sites (cats)
  • parasites (Spirocerca lupi)
36
Q

What is the goal of doing FNA/cytology on a soft tissue sarcoma?

A
  • exclude other differentials such as abcesses, cysts, MCT
37
Q

Why does an FNA/cytology have the potential for a false negative for STS?

A

these tumors don’t exfoliate well

Companion Animal Med & Surgery (12 decks)

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