Cardio Flashcards
CMVD and DCM cause __________(systolic or diastolic) dysfunction?
Systolic
HCM causes _______(systolic or diastolic) dysfunction?
diastolic
The manifestation of clinical signs secondary to heart dysfunction is ______
heart failure
Location of most VSDs
perimembranous region
Treat VSD?
most do not require therapy or affect long-term survival because most are restrictive (higher velocity is actually better-you will hear the murmur loudly, so important to recognize this isn’t a bad prognosis)
What breed is most commonly affected by tricuspid valve dysplasia?
LABS
(others = GSD, Danes, Sheepdogs, Irish Setters)
Tricuspid valve dysplasia would cause what kind of murmur heard where?
loud systolic murmur with PMI at right apex
What chamber would be enlarged with tricuspid valve dysplasia?
Right atrium
Two reasons heart disease can cause coughing
- CHF
- left atrial enlargement–>left mainstem bronchus compression
Treatment strategies for cardiac coughing
Decrease LA pressure by reducing afterload
- amlodipine
- pimobendan (Vetmedin)
Cough suppression
- hydrocodone
- butorphanol
Syncope vs. Seizure
Syncope
- rapid onset
- brief
- complete and quick recovery
- urination
Seizure
- tonic-clonic movements
- nystagmus
- pre and post ictal phase
- urination and defecation
What valves are most affected by infective endocarditis?
aortic and mitral
Non-bacterial cause of infective endocarditis
Bartonella
Causes of pericardial effusion
Right atrial hemangiosarcoma
- large breed dogs (GLDR, GSD, Rott)
Heart base tumor (usually chemodectoma)
- brachycephalic breeds
- often an incidental finding
Mesothelioma
Idiopathic pericardial effusion
Coagulopathy
What is a case when you would give a “heart failure” dog IV fluids? why?
pericardial effusion
it is a way to try to increase intracardiac pressure
Three differentials for left ventricular hypertrophy in cats
- hyperthyroidism
- systemic hypertension
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
If cat with HCM/HOCM and left heart is moderately dilated, what drug would you consider starting?
Clopidogrel (plavix)-antithrombotic
LA size is one of the risk factors for blood clot formation
What type of murmur is heart with DRVOT obstruction?
right-sided systolic
Most important test when CHF is suspected in a patient with difficulty breathing or coughing
thoracic radiographs
Radiographic findings that are typical of left-sided heart failure
- cardiomegaly
- distended central and ventral pulmonary veins
- pulmonary edema
- dogs: interstitial to alveolar lung pattern in the perihilar or caudodorsal lung fields
- cats: pulmonary pattern can be variable. can have pleural effusion
Typical right-sided HF findings
- abdominal effusion
- pleural effusion
- distended caudal vena cava
- hepatomegaly
What are the four main components of acute CHF treatment?
- furosemide
- pimobendan
- oxygen
- sedation
What effects does pimobendan have?
- positive inotropy via calcium sensitization
- vasodilation via PDE III inhibition
What is a good sedative to give dogs with CHF?
butorphanol
(buprenorphine or maybe ACE-if not hypotensive- also used)
PDA sex predilection
3:1 female
Small breed dogs predisposed to PDA
- poodle
- yorkie
- maltese
- pomeranian
- bichon
- chihuahua
- cocker
Medium/large breed dogs predisposed to PDA
- shelties
- corgis
- spaniels
- GSD
- collies
Breeds predisposed to SAS
- Golden Retriever
- Newfoundland
- GSD
- Rottweiler
- Boxer
Breeds predisposed to pulmonic stenosis
- English Bulldogs
- Boxers
- Beagles
- Mastiffs
- Terriers
Which congenital defect may result in hyperdynamic arterial pulses?
PDA
Which congenital defect may result in weak, late-rising femoral pulses?
Subaortic stenosis
Describe the murmur heard with pulmonic stenosis
harsh, systolic, ejection (crescendo-decresendo) quality murmur with PMI at left base
What are the abnormalities/heart changes associated with subaortic stenosis?
- LVOT is narrow; a fibrous ring of tissue below the aortic valve impedes normal left ventricle emtpying during systole
- LV is chronically pressure-overloaded, leading to concentric LV hypertrophy, as well as increased myocardial stiffness and impaired diastolic function
What are the abnormalities/heart changes associated with pulmonic stenosis?
- pulmonic valve leaflets are malformed; open incompletely
- the RV is pressure-overloaded, leading to RV concentric hypertrophy
Relative aortic hypoplasia of Boxers is a differential for what other condition?
Pulmonic stenosis
Breeds predisposed to CMVD. In which breeds is it known to be hereditary?
- daschunds-hereditary
- CKCS-hereditary
- poodles
- yorkies
- chihuahuas
- maltese
- whippets
What is a sensitive indicator of recurrent CHF in dogs?
resting RR
