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Companion Animal Med & Surgery > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

CMVD and DCM cause __________(systolic or diastolic) dysfunction?

A

Systolic

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2
Q

HCM causes _______(systolic or diastolic) dysfunction?

A

diastolic

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3
Q

The manifestation of clinical signs secondary to heart dysfunction is ______

A

heart failure

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4
Q

Location of most VSDs

A

perimembranous region

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5
Q

Treat VSD?

A

most do not require therapy or affect long-term survival because most are restrictive (higher velocity is actually better-you will hear the murmur loudly, so important to recognize this isn’t a bad prognosis)

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6
Q

What breed is most commonly affected by tricuspid valve dysplasia?

A

LABS

(others = GSD, Danes, Sheepdogs, Irish Setters)

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7
Q

Tricuspid valve dysplasia would cause what kind of murmur heard where?

A

loud systolic murmur with PMI at right apex

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8
Q

What chamber would be enlarged with tricuspid valve dysplasia?

A

Right atrium

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9
Q

Two reasons heart disease can cause coughing

A
  • CHF
  • left atrial enlargement–>left mainstem bronchus compression
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10
Q

Treatment strategies for cardiac coughing

A

Decrease LA pressure by reducing afterload

  • amlodipine
  • pimobendan (Vetmedin)

Cough suppression

  • hydrocodone
  • butorphanol
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11
Q

Syncope vs. Seizure

A

Syncope

  • rapid onset
  • brief
  • complete and quick recovery
  • urination

Seizure

  • tonic-clonic movements
  • nystagmus
  • pre and post ictal phase
  • urination and defecation
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12
Q

What valves are most affected by infective endocarditis?

A

aortic and mitral

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13
Q

Non-bacterial cause of infective endocarditis

A

Bartonella

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14
Q

Causes of pericardial effusion

A

Right atrial hemangiosarcoma

  • large breed dogs (GLDR, GSD, Rott)

Heart base tumor (usually chemodectoma)

  • brachycephalic breeds
  • often an incidental finding

Mesothelioma

Idiopathic pericardial effusion

Coagulopathy

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15
Q

What is a case when you would give a “heart failure” dog IV fluids? why?

A

pericardial effusion

it is a way to try to increase intracardiac pressure

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16
Q

Three differentials for left ventricular hypertrophy in cats

A
  • hyperthyroidism
  • systemic hypertension
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
17
Q

If cat with HCM/HOCM and left heart is moderately dilated, what drug would you consider starting?

A

Clopidogrel (plavix)-antithrombotic

LA size is one of the risk factors for blood clot formation

18
Q

What type of murmur is heart with DRVOT obstruction?

A

right-sided systolic

19
Q

Most important test when CHF is suspected in a patient with difficulty breathing or coughing

A

thoracic radiographs

20
Q

Radiographic findings that are typical of left-sided heart failure

A
  • cardiomegaly
  • distended central and ventral pulmonary veins
  • pulmonary edema
  • dogs: interstitial to alveolar lung pattern in the perihilar or caudodorsal lung fields
  • cats: pulmonary pattern can be variable. can have pleural effusion​
21
Q

Typical right-sided HF findings

A
  • abdominal effusion
  • pleural effusion
  • distended caudal vena cava
  • hepatomegaly
22
Q

What are the four main components of acute CHF treatment?

A
  • furosemide
  • pimobendan
  • oxygen
  • sedation
23
Q

What effects does pimobendan have?

A
  • positive inotropy via calcium sensitization
  • vasodilation via PDE III inhibition
24
Q

What is a good sedative to give dogs with CHF?

A

butorphanol

(buprenorphine or maybe ACE-if not hypotensive- also used)

25
Q

PDA sex predilection

A

3:1 female

26
Q

Small breed dogs predisposed to PDA

A
  • poodle
  • yorkie
  • maltese
  • pomeranian
  • bichon
  • chihuahua
  • cocker
27
Q

Medium/large breed dogs predisposed to PDA

A
  • shelties
  • corgis
  • spaniels
  • GSD
  • collies
28
Q

Breeds predisposed to SAS

A
  • Golden Retriever
  • Newfoundland
  • GSD
  • Rottweiler
  • Boxer
29
Q

Breeds predisposed to pulmonic stenosis

A
  • English Bulldogs
  • Boxers
  • Beagles
  • Mastiffs
  • Terriers
30
Q

Which congenital defect may result in hyperdynamic arterial pulses?

A

PDA

31
Q

Which congenital defect may result in weak, late-rising femoral pulses?

A

Subaortic stenosis

32
Q

Describe the murmur heard with pulmonic stenosis

A

harsh, systolic, ejection (crescendo-decresendo) quality murmur with PMI at left base

33
Q

What are the abnormalities/heart changes associated with subaortic stenosis?

A
  • LVOT is narrow; a fibrous ring of tissue below the aortic valve impedes normal left ventricle emtpying during systole
  • LV is chronically pressure-overloaded, leading to concentric LV hypertrophy, as well as increased myocardial stiffness and impaired diastolic function
34
Q

What are the abnormalities/heart changes associated with pulmonic stenosis?

A
  • pulmonic valve leaflets are malformed; open incompletely
  • the RV is pressure-overloaded, leading to RV concentric hypertrophy
35
Q

Relative aortic hypoplasia of Boxers is a differential for what other condition?

A

Pulmonic stenosis

36
Q

Breeds predisposed to CMVD. In which breeds is it known to be hereditary?

A
  • daschunds-hereditary
  • CKCS-hereditary
  • poodles
  • yorkies
  • chihuahuas
  • maltese
  • whippets
37
Q

What is a sensitive indicator of recurrent CHF in dogs?

A

resting RR

Companion Animal Med & Surgery (12 decks)

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