skin sttructure and function basics

Question 1

basic tissue groups found in skin

Answer 1

epithelium
glands
muscle
hair
connective
adipose
nervous

Question 2

what do subacoeus glands produce

Answer 2

sebum

Question 3

what can excessive sebum lead to

Answer 3

oily skin

Question 4

what glands are found all over the body except lips and genitals

Answer 4

eccrine glands

Question 5

function of eccrine glanda

Answer 5

coiled tubular structures which regulate heat and salt loss

Question 6

what glands develop at puberty and open into hair follicles

Answer 6

apocrine glands

Question 7

where are apocrine glands limited to

Answer 7

axillae nipple and gential

Question 8

what causes goosebumps

Answer 8

smooth muscle fibres arrector pili pull the hair perpendicular to the skin during cold / fright

Question 9

what provides tensile strength and elastic wualities of skin in dermis

Answer 9

collagn and elasrtic fibres

Question 11

hair follicle characterisics

Answer 11

invagination of the epidermis
central medulla containing soft keratin
outer cortex and cutice of hard keratin
papilla contains multiple vascular channels

Question 12

what are nails

Answer 12

plates of cells filled with hard keratin

Question 13

functions of the skin

Answer 13

Metabolism & detoxification
Thermoregulation
Immune defence
Sociosexual /Sensory functions
prevents water loss
prevents entry of unwanted substances

Question 14

toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 14

-Drug induced
-Keratinocyte death
-Results in epidermal detachment at the dermo-epidermal junction
–skin detaches in large necrotic sheets

-High mortality rate, 25-40%

Question 15

first degree burn

Answer 15

epidermis only

Question 16

second degree/ partial thickness

Answer 16

epidermis and dermis

Question 17

third degree/ full thickness

Answer 17

extends beyond dermis

Question 18

factors contributing to delayed healing

Answer 18

Infection, poor arterial supply, impaired venous return, repeated trauma / friction, poor nutritional state, underlying systemic disease eg diabetes, anaemia. Thorough, holistic patient assessment is essential when dealing with chronic wounds

Question 19

what are 3 stages of wound healing

Answer 19

inflammation
proliferation
tissue remodelling

Question 20

what are pressure sores

Answer 20

also known as bedsores/ pressure ulcers

injuries to the skin caused by prolonged pressure on the skin

Question 21

who do pressure sores commonly present in

Answer 21

those who have limited mobility such as bedridden, wheelchair patients