Skin Structure

Question 1

How many layers are in the epidermis

Answer 1

5

Question 2

What are the names of the 5 layers of the epidermis

Answer 2

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum and Stratum Germinativum.
Remember Come Lets Go See Grandad

Question 3

What layer of the epidermis is this paragraph describing; This surface layer of the skin is made up of hardened, flattened, dead, keratinised cells. It is constantly being shed through desquamation. In this layer there is no visible cell membranes.

Answer 3

Stratum Corneum

Question 4

What is special about the Stratum Germinativum

Answer 4

It is the site of cell reproduction (mitosis). The cells here are living. This layer is where the melanin in the skin is produced which is the pigment that gives the skin its colour.

Question 5

In this layer the cells are still living and their membranes are intact; they have fibrils which interlock

Answer 5

Stratum Spinosum

Question 6

In this layer the cells are denucleated but are not completely hard. These cells are most easily seen under a microscope on the palms and soles of the feet and hands. In this layer you can see the cell membranes

Answer 6

Stratum Lucidum

Question 7

At this point of the cells cycle through the epidermis the cells have a distinct nucleus but cell membranes are dying. This layer contains granules which are visible in healing tissue

Answer 7

Stratum Granulosum

Question 8

The cells produced by the germinativum layer take ______ Days to get to be shed

Answer 8

28 - 30 days

Question 9

The other name for the Stratum Corneum is

Answer 9

The surface

Question 10

The other name for the Stratum Germinativum is

Answer 10

Basal layer

Question 11

The other name for the Stratum Granulosum is

Answer 11

Granular layer

Question 12

The other name for the Stratum Lucidum is

Answer 12

Clear Layer

Question 13

The other name for the Stratum Spinulosum is

Answer 13

Prickle Cell Layer

Question 14

Beneath the epidermis is —–

Answer 14

The dermis

Question 15

The dermis is also known as

Answer 15

True Skin

Question 16

The dermis is connected to which 2 systems

Answer 16

Circulatory and Lymphatic

Question 17

What 2 glands occur in the dermis

Answer 17

The sebaceous glands and the sweat glands

Question 18

The dermis contains 8 main structures which are?

Answer 18

Specialised Cells, Nerve Endings, Sweat Glands, Hair Follicles, Sebaceous Glands, Blood Supply, Lymphatic Capillary and Papilla

Question 19

How many of the four specialised cells can you name

Answer 19

Fibrobalsts, Mast Cells, Histiocytes and Leucocytes

Question 20

The dermis is mainly made up of

Answer 20

Connective tissue, mainly areolar tissue which is tough and elastic and contains white collagen fibres and yellow elastic tissue known as elastin. Collagen plumps the skin and elastin keeps it supple and elastic, both dimish signs of age

Question 21

Fibroblasts

Answer 21

Responsible for the production of areolar tissue, collagen and elastin. These can be damaged by ultraviolet light

Question 22

Produce histamine as an allergic response and heparin an anti-coagulant

Answer 22

Mast Cells

Question 23

Histiocytes

Answer 23

Product histamine

Question 24

White blood cells that help to fight infection and disease

Answer 24

Leucocytes

Question 25

Alert the brain and the body to heat, cold, pressure and pain. Part of the defence system of the body

Answer 25

Nerve Endings

Question 26

Sweat glands

Answer 26

Stretch deep from the dermis to the epidermis. Sweat contains mainly water urea and salts. Produced by the eccrine and apocrine glands

Question 27

Hair follicles

Answer 27

Travel through epidermis and dermis. Tiny erector pili muscles are attached to each hair helping with temperature control

Question 28

Connected with hair follicles producing sebum to lubricate the hair shaft. They are only found on hairy areas. Sweat and sebum combine on the skin to form the acid mantle which controls bacteria levels and act as a natural moisturiser

Answer 28

Sebaceous glands

Question 29

Blood Supply

Answer 29

A system of blood vessels including microscopic capillaries

Question 30

Works in conjunction with the circulatory system to clear waste from the area

Answer 30

Lymphatic capillary

Question 31

Small conical projections at base of hair containing blood vessels and nerve ending which supply the hair with nutrients

Answer 31

Papilla

Question 32

What is the name of the layer underneath the dermis

Answer 32

Subcutaneous Layer

Question 33

Consists of a network of blood vessels, nerves, lymph and adipose tissue. It’s main function is to act as an insulator and a shock absorber

Answer 33

Subcutaneous layer

Question 34

How many functions does the skin have

Answer 34

7

Question 35

Sensation

Answer 35

One of the skins 7 functions, sensory nerve endings pithing the dermis send messages to the brain allowing response to heat, cold, pain and pressure.

Question 36

The skin helps to maintain the body temperature by, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, goosebumps, shivering and sweating

Answer 36

Heat regulation one of the skins 7 functions

Question 37

Absorption

Answer 37

The skin is largely waterproof but is able to absorb certain substances through the basal layer. Essential oils and HRT can pass through the skin and into the blood stream. UV rays also penetrate the basal layer

Question 38

Protection

Answer 38

Acid Mantle and melanin protect the skin from harmful bacteria and harmful UV rays

Question 39

Excretion

Answer 39

Sweat is excreted onto the skin surface made of 99% water and 1% urea and salts

Question 40

Secretion

Answer 40

Sebum is a fatty substance but protects the skin as it keeps the skin supple and helps to waterproof it

Question 41

Vitamin D formation

Answer 41

UV rays penetrate through the skins layers and activate a chemical called 7 dehydo cholesterol which changes into vitamin D which is essential for healthy bones