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Parasitology > Skin Parasites > Flashcards

Skin Parasites Flashcards

0
Q

What kinds of diseases can fleas spread?

A

Diphyllidium, bubonic plague, mxymatosis

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1
Q

What is the Scientific name for fleas?

A

Siphonaptera

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2
Q

What are the 4 most important flea species? Which is most common in cats and dogs?

A

Ctenocephalides Felis (cat flea) and C. Canis, Pulex irritans (human flea), ceratophyllus gallinae (poultry flea). Cat flea most common.

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3
Q

How is identification of flea species aided?

A

Ventral (Genal) and Posterior (Pronotal) combs on the head.

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4
Q

What are the 4 main stages in flea life cycle? What is important about eggs?

A

Adult, Egg, Larva, Pupa. Egg is not sticky, so it falls off. 95% of flea population not on the animal.

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5
Q

How long is a flea lifecycle?

A

3-4 weeks.

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6
Q

What is Juvenile Hormone?

A

A hormone required for development of parasites (skin).

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7
Q

What is the scientific name for lice?

A

Phthiraptera

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8
Q

What disease do lice cause?

A

Pediculosis

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9
Q

What are the morphological differences between chewing lice and sucking lice?

A

Chewing lice have a broad head and thinner claws. Sucking lice have a narrow head and large, powerful legs.

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10
Q

What are the stages in a louse life cycle? How long does it usually take?

A

Adult, egg ‘nit’, Nymph. Usually takes 2-3 weeks.

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11
Q

How many species of chewing/sucking lice do cattle have?

A

1 chewing, several sucking.

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12
Q

How many species of chewing/sucking lice do sheep have?

A

1 chewing, 2 sucking. Rare until recently (due to less dipping)

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13
Q

How many species of chewing/sucking lice do pigs have?

A

1 sucking louse. Large and easily seen. Common.

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14
Q

How many species of chewing/sucking lice do horses have?

A

1 chewing, 1 sucking louse.

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15
Q

How many species of chewing/sucking lice do dogs have?

A

Usually chewing louse Trichodectes or sucking louse Lingognathus

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16
Q

How many species of chewing/sucking lice do cats have?

A

1 chewing louse of important, Felicola.

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17
Q

How many species of chewing/sucking lice do poultry have?

A

Many species of chewing louse, no sucking lice.

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18
Q

Are ticks insects?

A

No, they are Acarina. They are temporary parasites (spent small amount of time on host).

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19
Q

What is special about tick feeding?

A

They feed continuously. Saliva contains histamine blocking agents, anti-coagulants etc.

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20
Q

What are the stages in a tick life cycle? What is special about ‘seed ticks’?

A

Adult (4 pairs of legs), egg, larve ‘seed tick’ (3 pairs of legs), Nymph (4 pairs of legs).

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21
Q

How can ticks be divided?

A

Hard ticks and soft ticks.

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22
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the tick mouthparts?

A

Chelicarae (Puncture skin), Hypostome (pushed through hole and anchor), Palp (sensory organs)

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23
Q

How do you recognise a hard tick?

A

It has a hard Scutum, and prominent mouth parts. Scutum covers all of male, part of dorsal surface of female. May have festoons.

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24
Q

How is the life cycle of hard ticks categorised?

A

1, 2, or 3 host ticks depending on the number of hosts they attack to during their lifecycle.

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25
Q

How would you recognise a soft tick?

A

No Scutum, mouthparts not visible dorsally.

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26
Q

What are the 5 main ticks of importance in the UK?

A

Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes canisuga (dog tick), Ixodes hexagonus (hedgehog tick), Haemophysalis sp (mainly cattle - Babesia major), Dermacentor sp (sheep in Wales)

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27
Q

What is the more common name of Ixodes ricinus?

A

Castor bean tick

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28
Q

What diseases are spread by Ixodes ricinus?

A

Lyme disease (human), Louping Ill, tick borne fever, tick pyaemia, red water fever (Babesia divergens)

29
Q

What is important about the Ixodes ricinus lifecycle?

A

Three tick host, lifecycle is 3 years. Spends most of time on the ground.

30
Q

What condition do mites cause?

A

Mange.

31
Q

How can mites be categorised?

A

Burrowing (sub-surface) or Non-burrowing

32
Q

Where do mites spend most of their lifecycle?

A

On the host

33
Q

Name the three main burrowing mites

A

Sarcoptes, Knemidocoptes, Demodex

34
Q

Name the 3 main burrowing mites

A

Psoroptes, Chorioptes and Otodectes

35
Q

What is the important Sarcoptes species? How would you recognise it?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei. Small round mite, it has short legs and dorsal spines.

36
Q

What is the lifecycle of Sarcoptes?

A

Female lays egg in egg laying pocket in epidermis. Egg hatch in under a week. Larvae make moulting pocket and become adults. All under a scab.

37
Q

What important disease do Sarcoptes mites cause?

A

Sarcoptic mange.

38
Q

How can you diagnose Sarcoptes?

A

Deep skin scrape, place on microscope. 10% KOH and warm. Look for adults and immature mites.

39
Q

What is the treatment used for Sarcoptes mites?

A

Acaricides e.g. Ivermectin in farm animals.

40
Q

What is important about the host of Knemidocoptes?

A

Only burrowing mite that occurs in birds.

41
Q

How would you recognise Knemidocoptes mites?

A

Similar to Sarcoptes (round, short legs), but has a U shaped chitinous bar behind its head.

42
Q

What 3 conditions are caused by Knemidocoptes mites in Poultry?

A

Scaly leg (K. Mutans), depluming itch (K. Gallinae), Scaly beak (K. Pilae)

43
Q

Why is Demodex different to other burrowing mites?

A

Usually commensal in hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

44
Q

How do you recognise Demodex mites?

A

Cigar shaped, 4 pairs of stumpy legs.

45
Q

What two kinds of infection can Demodex cause?

A

Squamous demodecosis (less serious), pustular or follicular demodecosis

46
Q

How do you diagnose Demodex? How do you distinguish between commensal and disease producing?

A

Liquid paraffin to skin, take deep skin scraping. High proportion of larvae and nymphs indicate active infection.

47
Q

What is Psoroptes? What are the 3 most important species?

A

Non-burrowing mites. Ps. Ovis (sheep, cattle), Ps. Equi (horses), Ps. Cuniculi (rabbits, horses)

48
Q

How would you recognise Psoroptes mites?

A

Long legs, oval shape, segmented Pedicels.

49
Q

What is the main morphological differences for telling the difference between burrowing and non-burrowing mites?

A

Burrowing usually have short legs. Non-burrowing usually have long legs.

50
Q

How would you tell the difference between Psoroptes and Chorioptes mites?

A

Psoroptes have segmented pedicels, Chorioptes have unsegmented pedicels.

51
Q

What is the main disease caused by Psoroptes mites?

A

‘Sheep scab’ - primarily in late autumn or winter. Active in keratin layer

52
Q

What are the hosts of Chorioptes?

A

Ruminants and horses

53
Q

How do you recognise Chorioptes mites?

A

Long legs, oval shape, unsegmented pedicels.

54
Q

Which is more pathogenically significant, Psoroptes or Chorioptes ?

A

Psoroptes

55
Q

What is Otodectes? What important species is there?

A

Non-burrowing mite of cats and dogs. It inhabits the external ear. One species: O. Cynotis

56
Q

How do you diagnose Otodectes?

A

Surface mite and location. (Closed chitinous bars on underside confirm ID)

57
Q

What are Cheyletiella?

A

Non burrowing mites that infect cats , dogs, rabbits and humans. They cause scaly dermatitis (excessive scurf ‘walking dandruff’)

58
Q

How would you recognise Cheytiella mites?

A

Long legs, waisted body, claw like palpable, combs on each leg.

59
Q

What is Dermanyssus gallinae? What is important about its life cycle?

A

Non-burrowing mite of poultry. Spends most of time off host, feeds at night, eggs laid in housing. It sucks blood.

60
Q

How would you recognise Dermanyssus gallinae?

A

Spider like long legs, becomes red.

61
Q

What is Neotrombicula autumnalis?

A

Non-burrowing mite also known as Harvest mite. Paradises anything including humans.

62
Q

Which stage in the lifecycle of N. autumnalis is parasitic?

A

Larva

63
Q

How do you recognise N. autumnalis?

A

Surface mite, SIX legs, bright orange, hairy.

64
Q

What are the main mites species infecting cattle? (5)

A

Sarcoptes, Demodex, Psoroptes, Chorioptes and Neotrombicula

65
Q

What are the main mites species infecting sheep? (5)

A

Sarcoptes, Demodex, Psoroptes, Chorioptes and Neotrombicula

66
Q

What are the main mites species infecting horses? (5)

A

Sarcoptes, Demodex, Psoroptes, Chorioptes and Neotrombicula

67
Q

What are the main mites species infecting pigs? (3)

A

Sarcoptes, Demodex and Neotrombicula

68
Q

What are the main mites species infecting dogs and cats? (5)

A

Sarcoptes, Demodex, Otodectes, Cheytiella and Neotrombicula

69
Q

What are the main mites species infecting birds?

A

Knemidocoptes, Dermanyssus and Neotrombicula

Parasitology (10 decks)

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