Crash Course

Question 1

What is Dictyocaulus viviparus? What does it look like? Host? Disease?

Answer 1

Bovine lungworm, that causes parasitic bronchitus (aka Husk) in Cattle.

Question 2

What are the three important Ovine lungworms?

Answer 2

Dictyocaulus Filaria, Muellerius and Protostrongylus sp.

Question 3

What is Dictyocaulus arnfieldi? What is its host? What does it cause?

Answer 3

Equine lungworm. It can affect horses and donkeys. It causes chronic cough at rest or during excercise.

Question 4

What is the important Pig lungworm? Where is it found in the lung? Why is it significant?

Answer 4

Metastrongius Spp. It is found in smaller bronchioles, and is very pathogenic.

Question 5

What are the two important canine lungworms?

Answer 5

1) Angiostrongylus vasorum

2) Filaroides (or Oslerus) osleri

Question 6

What is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus? Host?

Answer 6

It is the important feline lungworm.

Question 7

What is Oestrus ovis better known as? Why is it significant?

Answer 7

It is the Sheep nasal bot fly. It can cause annoyance, but can also cause erosion of bones into brain and give “false gid”

Question 8

What is Linguatula serrata? What does it look like? What are its final hosts?

Answer 8

“Tongue worm” but it is actually a crustacean. It looks tongue like, and infects cats and dogs.

Question 9

What is Echinococcus granulosus? Why is it significantly significant? What is its final host? How can you recognise it?

Answer 9

E. granulosus causes hydatid disease. It’s definitive host is dog/fox. It is a tape worm, that has ~3 proglottids (small).

Question 10

Which cestode is implicated in Alveolar hydatid disease? What are it’s hosts? What does an alveolar cyst look like?

Answer 10

Echinococcus multilocularis. It affects fox/dog/cat and IH is rodents. Alveolar cysts are like hydatid cyst, but daughters bud off internally and externally.

Question 11

What is Fasciola hepatica? What does it look like? What is it’s intermediate host? Why is it significant?

Answer 11

Digean trematode also known as a Liver Fluke. It’s intermediate host is the mud snail (Galba trunculata). Migrates through liver and is destructive.

Question 12

What is Babesia? How is it transmitted? What does it do in the host?

Answer 12

Blood-bourne tick-transmitted Protozoa. In cow, it multiplies in RBC, and bursts RBC = Haemolytic anaemia.

Question 13

What two kinds of Babesia species are there? How do you recognise them? Which is pathogenically significant?

Answer 13

‘Small’ babesia e.g. B. divergens, which have cells on edge of RBC - pathogenic kind. ‘Large’ babesia e.g. B. major which is non-pathogenic.

Question 14

What is Enzootic stability?

Answer 14

Many infected ticks (or IH) - Boosts immunity in a herd - Low incidence of disease.

Question 15

What is Enzootic instability?

Answer 15

Few infected ticks - Immunity wanes or absent - high disease incidence.

Question 16

What are Leishmania spp.? What are they transmitted by? What disease do they cause?

Answer 16

Leishmania spp are intracellular macrophage parasites, transmitted by Sandflies (Phlebotomus spp, Lutzomyia spp.) Cause Leishmaniosis.

Question 17

What is Dirofilaria immitus? Why is it important? How is it spread?

Answer 17

Canine heartworm, cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs (can infect cats and ferrets) Spread by mosquito.

Question 18

What is Toxoplasma? What is the important species? What is it’s definitive host? Why is it important?

Answer 18

Toxoplasma is a cyst-forming coccidia (protozoa). Only species = Toxoplasma gondii. Final host is cat. Important as it can cause abortion/neonatal death in sheep/humans.

Question 19

What is Neospora? What is the important species? What is it’s definitive host? Why is it important?

Answer 19

Neospora is a cyst-forming coccidia. Species = Neospora caninum. It’s final host is the dog. Commonest cause of abortion in cattle.

Question 20

Compare Neospora and Toxoplasma.

Answer 20

Neospora cyst’s have a thicker wall than Toxoplasma wall. Toxoplasma = Abortion in sheep/humans FH = Cat., Neospora = abortion in cattle. FH = dog.

Question 21

What are the three important Locomotor parasites?

Answer 21

Sarcocystis, Taenia, Trichenella.

Question 22

What is Sarcocystis? What is the important species? What is it’s final and IH hosts? Why is it significant?

Answer 22

Cyst-forming coccidia. S.cruzi has dog as final host and cattle as IH. Condemnation of carcasses due to Sarcocysts in muscle.

Question 23

What are Taenia? Why are they significant? What is important about their final host/IH?

Answer 23

Taenia are tapeworms that live in SI. Metacestodes cause meat condemnation, and sometimes have their own name. Host specific (FH and IH)

Question 24

What are the important human Taenia species (2)? What is their IH?

Answer 24

T.saginata: IH = cattle. Found in striated muscle esp. masseter and heart of cattle. T.solium: IH = pig. Cysticeri can develop in human brain.

Question 25

What are the five important Taenia species in dogs? What is their IH?

Answer 25

T. ovis: IH = sheep. T. hydatigena: IH = Sheep (& others). T. pisiformis = Rabbit. T. multiceps = Sheep. T. serrialis: IH = rabbit.

Question 26

What is the important cat taenia species? What is it’s IH host? What would you see in cat?

Answer 26

T. taeniaformis: IH = mouse etc. Shows pea sized nodules in the liver.

Question 27

What is the important Trichenella species? Hosts? Why is it significant? What is important about them in muscles?

Answer 27

Trichenella spiralis infects pigs (but also other species). It is a major public health hazard (Zoonotic). They take over a cell (intracellular) and form ‘nurse cells’.

Question 28

What is Taenia multiceps? Where does it affect?

Answer 28

FH = Dog, IH = Sheep. It affects NS, and can migrate through the brain and cause “gid”.