skin/muscles

Question 1

describe the structure of your skin and what happens in each area

Answer 1

epidermis- top layer of your skin, layers of epithelial cells, high mitosis rates

dermis -arteries ,m veins and blood vessels, nerves - recent heat, light pressure, and pain, glands , connective tissues and a later of fat

Question 2

what is keratin and melanin

Answer 2

keratin- waterproofs skin and acts as a barrier

melanin- genetically determines by 6 genes , protects skin from U.V. radiation

Question 3

what functions does your skin perform

Answer 3

temperature regulation
produce vitamin D
protection
sensory- heat, cold, deep pressure, pain

Question 4

what bones are axial and which are appendicular

Answer 4

axial- skull sternum, ribs and vertebral column

appendicular- holds appendages ( arms/legs)

Question 5

what is a tendon and ligament

Answer 5

tendon- a tissue that connects muscle to bone

ligament- connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Question 6

what is spongy bone, compact

Answer 6

spongy- spaces within and are found in the ends and interior parts of long bones

compact bones- outer layered is dense white bones made up of osteocytes

Question 7

what is yellow marrow and red marrow

Answer 7

red- produced red and white blood cells they also protect platelets

yellow- fat storage

Question 8

how do you know bone is a living tissue how is it formed

Answer 8

bones are living tissue and we know that cause bones grow and heal. bones are formed through ossification. in ossifications, osteoblasts are the builders and osteoclasts are recyclers / break it down

Question 9

describe the joints found in your body

Answer 9

hinge joint- finger, elbow
ball & socket- shoulders and hips
pivot joint- head on neck
gliding joint- wrist (larger range of motion) and ankle

Question 10

what are some functions of your skeleton

Answer 10

protection
support and movement
calcium bank
blood cell production

Question 11

what are 3 types of muscle

Answer 11

smooth: involuntary( digestive tract and uterus)
cardiac: striated and branched ( heart and involuntary)
skeletal : striated, multinucleate, voluntary

Question 12

how do sarcomeres work

Answer 12

1. myosin bonds to actin and pulls it to the center of the sarcomere
2. requires ATP
3. calcium ions cause the biding sites to be uncovered (exposed)
4. the calcium is stored in the endoplasmic reticulum]
5. is released when a nerve signal reaches a muscle and causes it to release calcium that allows myosin to bind to actin and pull it
6. requires ATP from cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation

Question 13

what is a muscle cell really called

Answer 13

muscle fiber

Question 14

what long chains do muscle fibers contain

Answer 14

sarcomeres

Question 15

which filament moves

Answer 15

actin