immune system Flashcards
what is a pathogen
things that can cause sicknesses/ illnesses( includes - virus, bacteria, protists, fungi and parasites)
what are kochs postulates
isolates common bacteria and infect a healthy one and see if you dee the same symptoms, then compare the two bacterias
what are resoviors
any person , animal, plant, soil or substance in which an infectus agent normally lives and multiplies
how are pathogens transmitted
direct contact
airborne
indirect contact
vectors( mosquitos)
define endemic, epidemic and pandemic
endemic- low concentration(colds)
epidemic- localized outbreak (ebola)
pandemic- global epidemic ( more than 1 continent)
list and describe the non specific defenses your body has
- skin : low pH, symbiotic with bacteria
- lysozyme: enzyme that breaks up bacterial cell walls in saliva, tears and mucus
- mucus:barrier from epithelial cells
what are MHC molecules( where are they found, what is their use)
MHC molecules (show and tell molecule) constantly shows pieces of proteins ect. from the inside of the cells. MHC are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in bodies of jawed vertabrates (produced by nucleated cells0
what are B cells
(bone marrow)- major part of the immune system they make antibodies
what are T cells
2 types
- helper T cells: recognizes anything that doesn’t belongg and starts b and T cell response.
-cytotoxic T cells- kill your own cells (cancer)
describe B cell response
-activated helper T cell causes B cells to divide through mitosis
- some become memory Cells (lasts decades)
- some become plasma cells and make antibodies
——–large endoplasmic reticulum———
you use this response for: bacterial infections, viral infections , toxins and protists
Describe the T celll response
- kills you own cells (used for viruses or cancer)
- uses cytotoxic T cells and relies on helper T cells to activate this process
- produces memory cytotoxic T cells – for viruses u use both B and T cell response
why are helper T cells important
helper T cells are important because they activate the B and T cell responses because they recognize the problem and tells t and B cells what to do
how can u get active and passive immunity
ACTIVE
- getting the illness
- getting a similar/related illness
- getting a vaccine
PASSIVE
- breastmilk
- injection
what are memory cells and what do they do
memory cells produced when someone gets an illness, memory B cells are. produced when helper T cells call for them. Memory cells remember the illness and which antibodies prevents gets rid of the illness. so the next time you encounter the disease you already know what antibodies to use and you can produce them much quicker
what does HIV do how does it become AIDS
HIV infected helper T cells. this causes aids when the helper T cells count is very low or not affective and then you will only and most, be able to fight previously encountered diseases through your memory B cells. AIds is :” acquired immune diffeciency syndrome”
