circulatory/ respiratory system Flashcards
describe 3 types of blood vessels include their structure and function
ARTERIES- always carry blood away from the heart, elastic(expands, due to high blood pressure
CAPILLARIES- one cell layer thick, responsible for diffusion of O2 and CO2
VEINS- carry blood back to the heart, valves, because the blood runs against gravity
describe the flow of blood through the heart
blood enters the right atrium and passes through the pulmonary artery( right ventricle). the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated and Brought back to the heart through the pulmonary vein which enters the left ventricle the left ventricle pumps blood through the Aorta(largest artery) which distributes blood through the body and returns via the Venacava and then enters the right atrium again.
what is the pacemaker of the heart and what does it do
the sinotorial node
The SA node controls the heart rate by sending electrical signals through the heart muscle, making the heart contract and pump blood throughout the body.
what do pulse and blood pressure measure
pulse- the surge of blood from the artieries
blood pressure- measure against the wall of the arteries
what is blood composed of
PLASMA- water, nutrients, wastes ,ions and hormones
CELLS(45%)-
–red blood cells- packs of hemoglobin ( no nucleus and they carry oxygen )
– platelets- fragments of cells full of clotting factors
– white blood cells- used for your immune system
what are some common circulatory system disorders and their causes
Atherosclerosis- when plaque builds up in the arteries
hypertension- high blood pressure
heart attack- death of heart tissue
stroke- death of brain tissue
list each structure a molecule of oxygen must pass through to reach your circulatory system
Nasal/oral cavity pharyns larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
describe the structure of alveoli and how it helps them function
- one cell layer thick- good for diffusion
- grape like clusters- increase surface area
- surrounded be capillaries (one cell layer thick (diffusion00
what happens to the diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation
inhalation- diaphragm contracts and gets flatter
exhalation- diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome shaped
how is oxygen carried in the blood
oxygen is one of the substances transported with the assistance of red blood cells. the red blood cells contain a pigment called hemoglobin, each molecule of which binds four oxygen molecules. the oxygen molecules are carried to the individual cells in the body where they are released
how is carbon dioxide carried in the blood
some carbon dioxide is transported dissolved in the plasma, some is transported as carbamino hemoglobin however, most carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate. as blood flows through the tissues carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells where it is converted to bicarbonate
what is the name of the branches from the pharynx and leads to the lungs ( it is lined with ciliated epithelium and supported by cartilage rings)
TRACHEA
the portion of the cardiac cycle where your heart is actively contracting is called
systole
the cappilary bed that the blood is filtered by is called the
glomerulus
