Skin Infections and Infestations Flashcards by oli crawford

what are characteristics of impetigo?

common, highly contagious

most common bacterial infection

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what are predosposing factors for impetigo?

warm temperature, high humidity

Poor hygiene
Skin trauma

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what is the organism responsible for impetigo?

staph aureus

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what is the treatment for impetigo?

Local wound care

Topical antibiotics

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what is folliculitis?

Infection of the hair follicule

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what is the infectious cause of folliculitis?

Staph.aureus

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what are the predisposing factors of folliculitis?

occlusion, maceration and hyperhydration, shaving or waxing, topical corticosteroids and diabetes.

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where are you likely to get folliculitis?

Face, chest, back, axillae or buttocks

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how may you identify the causative organism?

bacterial cultures

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what is the treatment of folliculitis?

antibacterial washes

antibacterial ointments

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what is erysipelas?

Infection of the dermis with lymphatic involvement

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whats the most common causative organism for erysipelas?

group A streptococci.

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whos most likely to get erysipelas?

Disease of the very young, the aged, the debilitated and those with lymphedema or chronic cutaneous ulcers.

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what sre the symptoms of erysipelas?

The affected skin feels hot, tense and indurated.
Face, lower extremities

fever, chills, malaise and nausea

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how would you diagnose erysipelas?

clinical, Lab may show an elevated leukocyte count with a left shift.

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what is the treatment of erysipelas?

10-14 day course of penicillin

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what is cellulitis?

Infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue caused most commonly by Str.pyogenes and S.aureus

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what are signs and symptoms of cellulitis?

Affected area shows rubor (erythema), calor (warmth), dolor (pain) and tumor (swelling)
Lesion has ill-defined, non-papable borders.
Children: head and neck, adults: extremities

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how would you diagnose cellulitis?

clinical. Leukocyte count is usually normal and blood cultures are negative in most cases

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what is the treatment of cellulitis?

Antibiotics (depending on systemic symptoms and gravity, also risks factors

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what is syphilis and how is it caused?

Complex sexually transmittedinfection(STI) caused by thebacteriaTreponema pallidum.

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what are the symptoms of syphilis?

Widespreadrashand ‘flu-like symptoms

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what are the symptoms of primary syphilis?

Initially syphilis appears as a painless sore (ulcer) where theinfectionentered (usually around the genitals, anus or mouth) and may go unnoticed. The sore is known as a chancre.
Single small firm red painlesspapulequickly ulcerates

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when is secondary syphilis?

3 weeks to 3 months after the 1st stage, awidespreadskinrashoccurs.

what is the symptoms of secondary syphilis?

Rash may be subtle or appear as rough, red or reddish brown papules or patches. Occurs typically on the trunk and frequently affects palms and soles. May be mistaken for other conditions. The rash does not itch.

what are characteristics of tertiary syphilis?

Patient is infectious and can pass the infection on to partner. Usually normal,i.e. no signs on clinical examination.

name some viral infections

``` Herpes simplex Chicken pox Shingles Viral warts Molluscum contagiosum ```

what is herpes simples virus?

Orolabial and genital infection HSV-1: Present in aprox. 90% of individuals between 20-40 years old. Often asymptomatic in children <10 years old HVS-2: Genital infection ( association with sexual activity)

what is the aetiology of chickenpox and shingles?

VZV

what does chickenpox cause in children?

an acute fever and blistered rash, mainly in children

how is chickenpox spread?

easily spread from person to person by breathing in airborne respiratory droplets from an infected person's coughing or sneezing or through direct contact with the fluid from the open sores.

what is the treatment of chickenpox

sypmtomatics, calamine lotion

what is shingles?

Localised, blistering and painful rash caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is characterised by dermatomal distribution. the blisters are confined to the VZV remains dormant in dorsal root ganglia nerve cells in the spine

what are the complications of shingles?

infection, Post-herpetic neuralgia

whats the treatment of shingles?

keep the area clean to prevent infection, pain relief and rest

what is viral warts?

Human papillomavirus

whats the treatment for viral warts?

Salicylic Acid, Cryotherapy

what is molluscum contagiosum?

common viral skin infection Mainly affects infants and young children under the age of 10 years. It is more prevalent in warm climates than cool ones, and in overcrowded environments

what causes molliscum contagiosum?

poxvirus ( Poxviridae family

what is the treatment of molluscum contagiosum?

Curettage, liquid nitrogen, chemovesicants

name some fungal infections

Dermatophytosis Candidiasis Pityriasis versicolor

what is dermatophytoses?

Usually postpuberal hosts | Except: tinea captis, most common in children

what are predisposing factors for mucocutaneous candida infections?

``` DM occlusion hyperidrosis broad spectrum antibiotics immunosuppression ```

what are the symptoms of Mucocutaneous Candida infections?

Candida albicans On the skin, erythematous patches that are often accompanied by satellites pustules. Intertriginous zones ( submammary, inguinal creases, finger spaces…) and diaper areas in infants.

what is the treatment of Mucocutaneous Candida infections

: remove predisposing factors, topical antifungals, oral antifungal in some cases

what is the organism responsible for Pityriasis Versicolor

Malassezia sp

what are the symptons of Pityriasis Versicolor

High temperatures and humidity, oily skin, excessive sweating

what are the signs of Pityriasis Versicolor

Multiple oval to round patches with mild scale

what is the treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor

topical antimycotic ( shampoos, creams)

what is the causative organism for scabies?

Host-specific itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei

what is the transmission of scabies?

via direct close contact | Worldwide

what are predisposing factors of scabies?

overcrowding, delayed treatment

how would you diagnose scabies?

skin scraping, burrows visualization

when is the itch of scabies more severe?

at night, disturbing sleep

where does scabies affect?

trunk and limbs

what is the treatment of scabies?

: Antiscabietic topical treatment in the patient and close contacts, repeat after 1 week. Oral medicine might be needed in some cases

where do the lice prefer?

favour the nape of the neck and the skin behind the ears

what are red-brown spots due to on lice?

due to excreted digested blood.

what is the treatment of head lice?

: at least 2 applications of an insecticide and/or physical methods.