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2nd year- dermatology OC > benign skin lesions > Flashcards

benign skin lesions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

how would you describe a skin lesion?

A

Site
Size
Shape
Colour

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2
Q

what would you record palpating a skin lesion?

A

Mobility, surface changes, temperature, consistency

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3
Q

what are Seborrhoeic Keratoses?

A

Warty growths, “stuck on appearance”

Can have variable appearance

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4
Q

how would you treat Seborrhoeic Keratoses if they are troublesome?

A

Cryotherapy

Curettage

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5
Q

what is Cryotherapy

A

Liquid nitrogen

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6
Q

what are the pros of cryotherapy?

A

Cheap

Easy to perform “on the day”

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7
Q

what are the cons of cryotherapy?

A

Can scar
Failure/Recurrence
No histology

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8
Q

what is sign of leser-trelat?

A

Abrupt onset of widespread seborrhoeic keratosis, particularly in a younger individual

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9
Q

whatare viral warts due to?

A

Human Papilloma Virus

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10
Q

what is the surface like on viral warts?

A

Rough hyperkeratotic surface

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11
Q

what are cysts?

A

Encapsulated lesion containing fluid or semi-fluid material

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12
Q

what are the different types of cysts?

A 
Epidermoid cyst (often wrongly called sebaceous)
Pilar cyst			
Steatocystoma
Dermoid cyst
Hidrocystoma
Ganglion cyst
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13
Q

what is bad about cysts?

A

can rupture and cause inflammation of surround skin

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14
Q

how are cysts treated?

A 
Treated with excision
If inflammed/infected
Antibiotics
Intralesional steroid
Incision & Drainage
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15
Q

what is dermatofibroma?

A

Benign fibrous nodule, often on limbs

Proliferation of fibroblasts

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16
Q

what is the cause of dermatofibroma?

A

Cause is unknown. They are sometimes attributed to an area of trauma

17
Q

what are the symptoms of dermatofibroma?

A

Firm nodule, tethered to skin but mobile over fat. Pale pink/brown. Often paler in centre.
Dimple sign positive

18
Q

what are lipomas?

A

Benign tumour consisting of fat cells

19
Q

what are the causes of lipomas?

A

unknown

20
Q

what are the concerns of lipoma is tender?

A

angiolipoma

?Liposarcoma – rare malignancy

21
Q

what are angiomas?

A

Overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin due to proliferating endothelial cells

22
Q

what are the symptoms of angiomas?

A

Generally asymptomatic. Can be unsightly or bleed

23
Q

what is the treatment of angiomas?

A

Excision or laser

24
Q

what are pyogenic granulomas?

A

Rapidly enlarging red/raw growth, often at a site of trauma.

25
Q

how are pyogenic granulomas removed?

A

curettage & cautery

26
Q

what are risk factors for pre malignant lesions?

A

UV radiation- dna damage and immunosuppression

27
Q

what is Actinic Keratoses

A

Rough scaly patches on sun damaged skin

28
Q

what is the treatment of Actinic Keratoses

A

Cryotherapy
Curettage
Diclofenac Gel
Imiquimod

29
Q

what is bowens disease?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ

30
Q

what are the signs of bowens disease?

A

Irregular, scaly erythematous plaque

31
Q

what is the treatment of bowens?

A

Cryotherapy

Curettage
Lesion scraped off and heat applied to seal vessels and destroy residual cancer cells

photodynamic therapy

Imiquimod

32
Q

how does photo dynamic therapy work?

A

Photochemical reaction to selectively destroy cancer cells

Topical photosensitising agent applied
Concentrates in cancerous
cells

Red light applied

Photodymanic reaction occurs

33
Q

what is imiquimod?

A

Aldara
Immune response modifier
Stimulates cytokine release
Inflammation and destruction of lesion

34
Q

what are the pros of imiquimod?

A

Useful where surgery is undesirable

Usually good cosmetic result

35
Q

what are the cons of imiquimod?

A

Treatment time is 6 weeks
Significant inflammation
Failure/recurrence

36
Q

where is melanoma cells confined to?

A

epidermis

37
Q

does melanoma in situ have the potential to be metastatic

A

no

38
Q

how are melanomas treated

A

excision

2nd year- dermatology OC (11 decks)

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