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HA Midterm > Skin Hair & Nails ch. 13 > Flashcards

Skin Hair & Nails ch. 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 aspects of a physical skin assessment?

A
  1. Skin Assessment integrated throughout examination of whole body
  2. Scrutinize the outer skin surface first
  3. Separate skinfolds, under breasts, fat folds, groin

Always inspect feet, toenails, between toes- REMOVE THEIR SOCKS

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2
Q

What is MILC-T?

A

Skin Assessment tool
INSPECT:
Moisture
Integrity
Lesions
Color
PALPATE:
Temperature/Texture

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3
Q

How should edema be assessed?

A

Push on the area and see if the skin rises back up or if it stays indented

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4
Q

How is skin turgor tested?

A

Tenting method

pinch and release, see if skin snaps back

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5
Q

What kind of skin stays tented during a tenting test?

A

Dry skin

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6
Q

What should be noted about a lesion?

A

Color
Elevation
Shape/pattern
Size
Location/Distribution
Exudate- color/odor

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7
Q

What should the scalp be checked for while inspecting and palpating the hair?

A

Lesions

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8
Q

What is a normal nailbed angle?
What is a curved nailbed angle?

A

160 degrees
160 degrees or less

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9
Q

What sign in the nails indicates low O2 levels?

A

clubbing- the nailbed and skin being at a flat angle or the nail being higher than the skin

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10
Q

Explain the ABCDEF Skin Assessment of lesions

A

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Elevation/Enlargement
Funny-looking (unique to those around it)

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11
Q

What skin conditions are sometimes present during pregnancy?

A

Striae- stretch marks
Linea Nigra- darker line down midline
Chloasma- dark spots on face
Vascular spiders

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12
Q

Explain Senile Purpura

A

Condition in which the aging adult’s skin bruises very easily and turns dark purple

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13
Q

Explain the following lesion patterns:

Zosteriform
Discrete
Grouped
Annular
Confluent

A

Zosteriform: one side of body (shingles)

Discrete: individual, remain separate

Grouped: clustered together (contact dermatitis)

Annular: spreads outward in circle

Confluent: lesions run together

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14
Q

List the primary skin lesions

A

Macules
Papules
Patches
Plaques
Nodules
Wheals
Tumors
Urticaria (hives)
Vesicles
Cysts
Bullas
Pustules

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15
Q

What is the difference between a macule and a papule?

A

Elevation

Macule: flat-freckle
Papule: raised-moles

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16
Q

What does a wheal lesion look like?

A

Splatter of paint on/under skin

17
Q

What do vesicles and bullas look like?

A

Vesicles- smaller

Bulla-large, fluid-filled

18
Q

What is a crust?

A

Secondary lesion
Scab

19
Q

What is the difference between a fissure and lichenification?

A

A fissue is caused by a lack of moisture. A lichenification is cracked skin unrelated to moisture

20
Q

Explain:
Erosion
Ulcer
Excoriation

A

Erosion: involves something falling off/peeling from skin- BURNS

Ulcer: involves pressure occluding the capillaries, leading to tissue breakdown

Excoriation: Abrasions

21
Q

Explain 2 types of vascular lesions

A

Hemangiomas:
port-wine stain
strawberry mask

Telangiectases:
spider/star angioma
venous lake

22
Q

List 3 types of vascular lesions

A

Petechiae: often accompanied by itching

Purpura: red splotches

Ecchymosis: purple bruising

23
Q

Explain Primary Contact Dermatitis

A

Local inflammation from irritant or allergy, often itchy

Usually a delayed reaction

poison ivy

24
Q

Explain Tine Corporis

A

Ringworm

scales, hyperpigmented in white people, depigmented in black people.

Multiple circular lesions with clear centers

Dry
Elevated
textured

25
Q

Explain AIDS- related Kaposi Sarcoma

A

Common vascular cancer of HIV persons. Dark or pink lesions. Early stages around temple and beard are pink and can be mistaken for bruising

26
Q

Explain the stages of a pressure ulcer

A

1: Skin doesn’t blanche when pressed on

2: extending into dermis

3: reaches subcutaneous tissue

  1. Reaches bone, takes years to heal, usually accompanied with an underlying condition
27
Q

What are the risk factors for pressure ulcers?

A

Bed-bound patients
ICU patients
Pts with a preferred position
Elderly people

HA Midterm (11 decks)

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