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HA Midterm > Pain Ch. 11 > Flashcards

Pain Ch. 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Briefly describe the physiology of pain

A

Transduction- injured tissue releases chemicals to travel along spinal cort

Transmission- pain impulse moves from spinal cord to the brain

Perception of Pain

Modulation- neurons in brainstem release impulses to block the pain impulse

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2
Q

What are the 3 sources of pain?

A

Visceral
Somatic
Referred

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3
Q

Explain visceral pain

A

Originated from larger interior organs, usually abdomen

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4
Q

Explain somatic pain

A

Originates from musculoskeletal tissues or body surface

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5
Q

Explain the two types of somatic pain

A

Deep Somatic Pain: injury to blood vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, bone

Cutaneous (superficial) Somatic Pain: injury to skin surface and subcutaneous tissues

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6
Q

Explain referred pain
What causes it?
Give a common example

A

Pain felt at one location but originating from another

Both sites innervated by the same spinal nerve and the brain cannot differentiate the source

MI= Myocardial Infarction= left arm/jaw pain

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7
Q

List the types of pain

A

Acute
Chronic
Breakthrough

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8
Q

Explain Acute pain

give an example

A

short-term
self-limiting
incident pain

burning finger on hot stove

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9
Q

Explain Chronic pain

A

longer than 6 months

doesn’t stop when injury heals

pain intensity doesn’t correlate with physical findings

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10
Q

Explain the 2 types of chronic pain

A

Malignant: parallels pathology of tumor (cancer-associated)

Nonmalignant: usually musculoskeletal conditions

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11
Q

Explain breakthrough pain

List possible causes

A

Transient spike in pain when pain was otherwise controlled.

End-of-dose medication failure
INcident/episodic pain

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12
Q

Who is the best indicator of a patient’s pain?

A

The patient

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13
Q

T/F: Older adults perceive pain to a lesser degree/have diminished sensitivity

A

False

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14
Q

How can dementia affect a patient’s pain expression?

A

It doesn’t affect ability to feel pain, but it does impact their ability to accurately report the pain

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15
Q

is pain always subjective?

A

YES

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16
Q

What is the gold standard of pain assessment?

A

Subjective report

17
Q

How should a pain assessment tool be selected?

A

Based on its purpose, time required, and the patient’s ability to comprehend and complete the tool

18
Q

What is an Initial Pain Assessment?

A

A chart given to a patient where they can circle the exact spot of pain on a picture and report the OPQRSTU characteristics

19
Q

What is a Brief Pain Inventory?

A

A more detailed Initial Pain Assessment that asks the patient to rate each site of pain from 0-10 based on how the pain affects their ADLs

20
Q

What is a McGill Pain Questionnaire?

A

Provides more descriptive qualities of the pain for the patient to select from.

Throbbing, shotting, heavy, tender, splitting, etc

21
Q

What are some qualities of regular pain rating scales of 0-10?

A

One-dimensional, reflect pain intensity

Indicate a baseline intensity

Track changes

Help evaluate treatment’s effectiveness

22
Q

When are pain rating scales with smiley/frowny faces useful?

A

Patients with aphasia, children

23
Q

What kind of objective data can be collected to help understand the subjective nature of the pain?

A

Physical assessment

24
Q

What does a physical assessment regarding a patient’s pain entail checking?

A

Joint size, contour, circumference, active/passive range of motion

Muscle and Skin color, swelling, masses, deformities

Abdomen palpation, color/symmetry, referred pain

25
Q

Pain should be treated while ______

A

Establishing diagnosis

26
Q

What is a nonverbal behavoir regarding acute pain?

A

guarding, grimacing, agitation, diaphoresis, vital changes

27
Q

What is nonverbal behavior regarding chronic pain?

A

Bracing, rubbing, sleeping (self-distraction), diminished activity

28
Q

In what population is Denial of Pain common?

A

Aging adults

29
Q

How should pain be evaluated in aging adults?

A

When looking for behavoiral cues, look at changes in functional status and ADLs

30
Q

What can sudden onset of acute confusion indicate in aging adults?

A

poorly controlled pain

31
Q

What is the PAINAD Scale?

A

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale

32
Q

Explain the PAINAD Scale

A

Rates pain impact on the following categories:

Breathing independent of vocalization
Negative vocalization
Facial Expression
Body Language
Consolability

HA Midterm (11 decks)

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