Skin, Hair,Nails Flashcards
SKin has two layers
Epidermis (outer) & Dermis (Inner)
Subcutaneous layer provides?
it provides insulation for temperature control and aids in protection
Skin function
- protection from environment
- prevents penetration
- perception
- temperature regulation
- identification
- communication
- wound repair
- absorption and excertion
- production of vitamin D
Developmental Competence:
Infants, Children, and
Adolescents
Newborn infants
* Lanugo ( fine soft hair)
* Vernix caseosa (white creamy coloring)
* Sebum (oily substance)
- Children
- Epidermis thickens, darkens, and becomes lubricated.
- Hair growth accelerates.
- Adolescents
- Secretions from apocrine sweat glands increase.
- Subcutaneous fat deposits increase.
- Secondary sex characteristics
Developmental Competence:
The Aging Adult
- Elasticity
- Sweat and sebaceous glands
- Senile purpura
- Skin breakdown due to multiple factors
- Hair matrix
Developmental Competence:
Common Findings in Pregnancy
- Linea nigra
- Increased pigmentation midline of abdomen
- Chloasma (large brown patches on the face)
- Discoloration changes on face representing the “mask of pregnancy”
- Striae gravidarum
- Stretch marks, which can develop over the abdomen, breast, and thigh
Subjective Data
Problem-Focused History
- Past skin diseases?
- Changes in skin color?
- Change in a mole?
- Excessive dryness or moisture?
- Itching (pruritus)?
- Bruising?
- Rash or lesion?
- Medications?
- Change in hair or nails?
Subjective Data
Problem-Focused History
- Environmental exposures?
- Occupational exposures?
- Living situation?
- Self-care behaviors
objective data
*Prepare to Examine the Skin
*Good lighting
*Assemble equipment
*Take vital signs
*Inspect hands with touch
Note Change in color
Cyanosis - blue skin
Jaundice- yellow sceleras
erythema- redden of the skin
Palpate Skin Temperature
Use backs of hands (dorsal surface) to palpate temperature
* Skin should be warm, and temperature equal bilaterally; warmth
suggests normal circulatory status
* Hands and feet may be slightly cooler in a cool environment
* Hypothermia (low body temp)
* Hyperthermia (high body temp)
Inspect and Palpate Skin
- Moisture
- Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
- Dehydration
- Texture
- Thickness
- Mobility and turgor
- Vascularity or bruising
- Edema (swelling)
Assess Edema
Compress skin for
5 seconds
* 1+ Trace, rapid
* 2+ Mild, 10-15 seconds
* 3+ Moderate, 1-2 minutes
* 4+ Severe, greater than 2
minutes
Inspect and Palpate
Lesions
- Color
- Elevation
- Pattern or shape
- Size
- Location and distribution on body
- Any exudate (fluid that leaks out of blood vessels) : note color and odor
Common Primary Lesions
Nonpalpable
- macule- diameter < 1 cm
- patch- diameter >1cm
Palpable
Papuple- diamter <1cm
plaque- diamter >1cm
Nodule/ TUmor- deep in dermis > 1cm
