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Health Assessment Lec (MIDTERMS) > Skin, Hair, and Nails Assessment (SKIN w/ Intro Of the PPT) > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, and Nails Assessment (SKIN w/ Intro Of the PPT) Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of The Integumentary System

A

Skin, Hair And Nails

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2
Q

a localized collection of pus caused by infection

A

Abscess

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3
Q

fluid-filled, elevation, superficial lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter

A

Bullae

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4
Q

Is resulted from the dried secretions over the skin

A

Crust

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5
Q

BLUISH-GREY discoloration of the skin resulting from the presence or abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

A

Cyanosis

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6
Q

a closed sac containing liquid or semisolid material

A

Cyst

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7
Q

discoloration of skin caused by leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissue

A

Ecchymosis

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8
Q

scratch or abrasion on the skin surface

A

Excoriation

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9
Q

linear crack on the skin surface

A

Fissure

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10
Q

flat, circumscribed lesion of the skin or mucous membrane that is 1cm or less in diameter

A

Macule

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11
Q

solid skin elevation that extends into the dermal layer and that is 1 to 2 cm in diameter; a form of papule but larger and deeper

A

Nodule

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12
Q

solid, elevated, superficial lesion 1cm or less in diameter

A

Papule

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13
Q

tiny, flat purple or red spots on the surface of the skin resulting in little bleeding within the dermal or submucosal layers

A

Petechiae

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14
Q

itchy skin

A

Pruritus

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15
Q

hemorrhage, into the tissue, usually circumscribed; lesions may be described as petechiae, ecchymoses according to size

A

Purpura

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16
Q

vesicle or bullae that contains pus

A

Pustule

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17
Q

Circumscribed open wound on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane

A

Ulcer

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18
Q

Hives; raised and itchy skin that is usually a sign of an allergic reaction

A

Urticaria

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19
Q

fluid-filled, elevation, superficial lesion 1cm or less in diameter

A

Vesicle

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20
Q

flat-topped elevation in the skin that is edematous and erythematous

A

Wheal

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21
Q

Largest organ in the body and protection from the environment

A

Skin

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22
Q

Three Dimensional view of the skin

A

Subcutaneous tissue, glands, and hair

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23
Q

Major Functions of the Skin

A
  • Perceiving touch, pressure, temperature and pain via nerve endings
  • Protection against mechanical, chemical, thermal, and solar damage
  • Protecting against loss of water and electrolytes
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Repairing surface wounds through cellular replacement
  • Synthesizing vitamin D
  • Allowing identification through uniqueness of facial contours, skin and hair color, and fingerprints
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24
Q

Thin fiber compound of dead keratinized cells

A

Hair

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25
Q

Two types of hair

A

Vellus hair
Terminal hair

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26
Q

lightly pigmented, fine, short hair, often referred to as “peach fuzz” that is found on the face, arms, stomach and legs

A

Vellus hair

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27
Q

Is coarse thick hair that is found on the scalp, underarms, and pubic area

A

Terminal Hair

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28
Q

Thin Plates of Keratinized Epidermal Cells that cover the Distal Ends of Fingers and Toes

A

Nails

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29
Q

What is to be removed during assessment

A

Clothing
Jewelry
Cosmetics
Wigs
Hairpieces

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30
Q

Abnormal Skin Findings

A

Primary and Secondary Lesions
Vascular Lesions
Purpuric Lesions
Malignant Lesions
Infections
ABCDE Criteria

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31
Q

what does the ABCDE Criteria stand for

A

Asymmetry
Border Irregularity
Color Variegation
Diameter greater than 6 mm
Evolving changes

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32
Q

What does Evolving Changes include?

A

changes in SIZE, SHAPE, SYMPTOMS (Itching, Tenderness), SURFACE (BLEEDING), and SHADES OF COLOR

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33
Q

It is a bright red birthmark that shows up at birth or in the first or second week of life. It looks like a rubbery bump and is made up of extra blood vessels in the skin.

A

Hemangioma

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34
Q

can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly appears on the face, scalp, chest or back, treatment isn’t usually needed as it fades away over time.

A

Hemangioma

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35
Q

It is a permanent birthmark. It’s a smooth, flat, pink, red or purple patch on a newborn that may get darker and raised or bumpy over time.

A

Port-wine Stain

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36
Q

usually appears on the face but can affect other areas of the body. The condition gets its name because it looks like someone spilled or splashed dark red wine on the skin. It’s also called nevus flammeus.

A

Port-wine stain

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37
Q

Other name for Port-Wine Stain

A

Nevus Flammeus

38
Q

is a small red to purple mark on your skin caused by dilated (wide) blood vessels (capillaries) near the surface of your skin.

A

Spider (star) angioma

39
Q

It is also known as a spider nevus or spider telangiectasia

A

Spider (star) angioma

40
Q

It is a small, dark blue to purple slightly elevated papules. These papules are soft and compressible. They commonly appear on sun-exposed areas such as the face, lips, ears, neck and back of the hand of elderly people. These little purple papules are typically asymptomatic, causing no pain or symptoms. They are benign, but often are confused with melanoma

A

Venous lake

41
Q

These arepinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding. They can be caused bya simple injury, straining or more serious conditions The bleeding causes this to appear red, brown or purple.

A

Petechiae

42
Q

What causes Petechiae to appear red, brown or purple?

A

Bleeding

43
Q

It is also called blood spots or skin hemorrhages, refers to purple-colored spots that are most recognizable on the skin. The spots may also appear on organs or mucous membranes, including the membranes on the inside of the mouth.

A

Purpura

44
Q

Two main types of Purpura related to Blood Platelet Levels

A

-Thrombocytopenic Purpura (Low platelet count)
-Non-Thrombocytopenic Purpura (Platelet count is in normal range)

45
Q

It is s the medical term for a bruise. A bruise, or contusion, is skin discoloration from damaged, leaking blood vessels underneath your skin.

A

Ecchymosis (bruise, contusion)

46
Q

It is generally defined as a collection of blood outside of blood vessels.

A

Hematoma

47
Q

defined as a solid swelling of clotted blood within the body’s tissues.

A

hematoma

48
Q

is a skin discoloration that results from bleeding underneath the skin.

A

Ecchymosis

49
Q

It is also known as ring worm. It is a rash caused by a fungal infection. It’s usually an itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Ringworm gets its name because of its appearance. No worm is involved.

A

Tinea corporis

50
Q

It often spreads by direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal.

A

Ringworm

51
Q

Ringworm of the Foot or Athletes foot

A

Tinea Pedis

52
Q

Ringworm called Jock Itch

A

tinea cruris

53
Q

Ringworm of the scalp

A

Tinea Capitis

54
Q

It is a childhood infection caused by a virus.

A

Measles (rubeola)

55
Q

Other term for Measles

A

Rubeola

56
Q

It is an infection that mostly affects the skin and lymph nodes.

A

German measles (rubella)

57
Q

Other term for German Measles

A

Rubella

58
Q

Is Rubella caused by the same virus as Rubeola?

A

No

59
Q

How does Rubella Spread

A

Through breathing in virus infected fluid

60
Q

It is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters

A

Chickenpox (varicella)

61
Q

Virus of Chicken Pox

A

Varicella-zoster

62
Q

t is a virus that causes skin infections. The infection lasts your lifetime, and it causes painful or itchy sores and blisters that come and go.

A

Herpes simplex

63
Q

Two types of Herpes Simplex

A

Herpes Simplex 1
Herpes Simplex 2

64
Q

Commonly known as oral herpes

A

Herpes Simplex 1

65
Q

Commonly known as Genital Herpes

A

Herpes Simplex 2

66
Q

It is also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

A

Herpes zoster

67
Q

occurs when skin cells are replaced more quickly than usual.

A

Psoriasis

68
Q

It is an itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it. The rash isn’t contagious, but it can be very uncomfortable.

A

Contact dermatitis

68
Q

It is a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and young children

A

Impetigo

69
Q

Two Bacteria that causes Impetigo on infants and young children

A

Group A Streptococcus
Staphylococcus Aureus

70
Q

8 Skin Lesions

A

Tinea
Measles
Varicella
Herpes
Psoriasis
Dermatitis
Eczema
Impetigo

71
Q

Malignant Lesions

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma

72
Q

It is a type ofskin cancerthat forms in the basal cells of your skin

A

Basal cell carcinoma

73
Q

It is a common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

74
Q

It is the most serious type of skin cancer, develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin — the pigment that gives your skin its color.

A

Malignant melanoma

75
Q

It is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the skin or mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus, including the stomach and intestines.These tumors appear as purple patches or nodules on the skin and/or mucous membranes and can spread to lymph nodes and lungs.

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

76
Q

caused by an infection with a virus called human herpesvirus 8, which is also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

77
Q

Loss Of Color in skin due to absence of oxygenated Hemoglobin.
Wide spread but most apparent in face, mouth, conjunctivae, and nails

A

Pallor

78
Q

Pallor appearance in dark skin

A
  • Black skin loses its red undertones appearing ash gray
  • Brown skin becomes yellow tinged
79
Q

Pallor appearance in light skin

A
  • White skin loses its rosy tones.
  • Skin with natural yellow tones appears more yellow may be mistaken for mild jaundice
80
Q

Possible Causes of Pallor

A
  • Sympathetic nervous stimulation resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction due to smoking
  • a cold environment
  • stress
  • lack of oxygen
  • decreased tissue perfusion
  • anemia
81
Q

Congenital or acquired loss of melanin pigment.

A

Absence of Color

82
Q

Possible causes of Absence of color (Generalized Depigmentation)

A
  • Albinism
  • vitiligo
  • tinea versicolor
  • a common fungal infection
83
Q

Appearance of Absence of Color (General Depigmentation) on light skin

A
  • Albinism appears as white skin, white or pale blond hair
  • Vitiligo appears as patchy milk white areas especially around the mouth
  • Tinea versicolor appears as patchy areas paler than the surrounding skin
84
Q

Appearance of Albinism on Dark skin

A
  • appears as white skin
  • white or pale blond hair
  • pink irises
  • vitiligo is very noticeable as patchy milk-white areas
  • Tinea versicolor appears as pale patchy areas
85
Q

Mottled blue color in skin and its appendages due to inadequate tissue perfusion with oxygenated blood. Most apparent in the nails, lips, oral mucosa, and tongue

A

Cyanosis

86
Q

Possible causes of Cyanosis

A

Systemic or Central Cyanosis
- Cardiac disease
- Pulmonary disease
- Heart Malformation
- Low Hemoglobin levels
Localized or Peripheral Cyanosis
- vasoconstriction
- exposure to cold
- emotional stress

87
Q

Appearance of Cyanosis on Light skin

A

-Skin lips and mucous membranes look blue tinged
-The conjunctivae and nail beds are blue

88
Q

Appearance of Cyanosis on Dark skin

A

-The skin may appear a shade darker
- lips, tongue and oral mucous membranes, nail beds and conjunctivae will appear pale or blue tinged`

89
Q
A

Health Assessment Lec (MIDTERMS) (11 decks)

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