Cardio #1 Flashcards
Common Abbreviations used to refer to chambers
RA - right atrium
RV - right ventricle
LA - left atrium
LV - left ventricle
AV - atrioventricular valve
Left AV - left atrioventricular valve
Right AV - right atrioventricular valve
SL - Semilunar valve
the part of the ventral surface of the body overlying the heart and stomach and comprising the epigastrium and the lower median part of the thorax
Precordium
(Topographical Landmark) Each area corresponds to one of the hearts 4 valves
Aortic area
Pulmonic area
Tricuspid
Mitral
2nd ICS to right of sternum (closure of the aortic valve loudest here)
Aortic area
2nd ICS to right of the sternum (closure of the pulmonic valve loudest here)
Pulmonic area
5th ICS left of sternal border (closure of tricuspid valve)
Tricuspid
5th ICS of the sternum just medial to MCL. When cardiac output is increase as in anemia, anxiety, HTN, fever, the impulse may have greater force - inspect for lift or heave
Mitral
Signals the closure of AV valves and the beginning of systole
Consists of mitral M1 and Tricuspid T1 components
Is loudest at the apex
The first heart sound - Systolic (S1)
Signals closure of semilunar valves and the end of systole
Consists of aortic A2 and pulmonic P2 components
Second heart sound - diastolic s2
What corresponds respectively to the familiar
“lub dub” often used to describe sounds
S1 (systolic) and S2 (diastolic)
Extra heart sounds
S3 and S4
is the result of vibrations produced during ventricular filling
is normally heard only in some children and young adults, but it is considered abnormal in older individuals
S3
is caused by the recoil of vibrations between the atria and ventricles following atrial contraction, at the end of diastole
is rarely heard as a normal heart sound; usually it is considered indicative of further cardiac evaluation
S4
how many Liters of blood is pumped throughout the body per minute
4 - 6 L
venous return
Pre load
