skin hair and nails

Question 1

primary skin lesions

Answer 1

macule
patch
papule
plaque
wheal
nodules
vesicle
bulla
pustule
cyst

Question 2

secondary skin lesions

Answer 2

scale
lichenification
keloid
excoriation
fissure
erosion
ulcer
crust
atrophy
maceration

Question 3

macule

Answer 3

• flat non raised discolored and small
• ex. petechia, freckles, lentigo

Question 4

patch

Answer 4

larger than macule
ex. vitiligo, cafe au lait, mongolian spots –> dark babies

Question 5

papule

Answer 5

elevated and solid
ex. warts (verruca), measles, morbilliform

Question 6

what type of primary skin lesion is measles

Answer 6

maculopapular

Question 7

plaque

Answer 7

elevated, rough, flat top
- larger papule
ex. psoriasis

Question 8

classic sign of psoriasis

Answer 8

pitted nails

Question 9

wheal

Answer 9

• irregular edema
• solid and raised
• allergy related
• sign of anaphylaxis
• insect bites

Question 10

vesicle

Answer 10

• small blister like
• elevated and superficial
• filled with serous fluid
• ex. chicken pox, shingles
• often clustered in a band because it is in the nerves

Question 11

nodules

Answer 11

• elevated but deeper than a pimple
• mass or tumor

Question 12

vesicle

Answer 12

small blister like
- elevated and superficial
- filled with serous fluid
- chicken pox, shingles
often in clustered bands

Question 13

bulla

Answer 13

just a larger vesicle

Question 14

pustule

Answer 14

elevated and superficial
filled with pus
acne
impetigo (honey colored crust)

Question 15

cyst (sac)

Answer 15

• elevated and encapsulated
• deep dermis or subq layer
• filled with liquid/semisolid material

Question 16

scale

Answer 16

type of dandruff
flakey skin
heaped, keritinized skin cells
ex. desquamation

Question 16

desquamation

Answer 16

sloughing or peeling off of skin

Question 17

lichenification

Answer 17

• rough thickened
• d/t persistent rubbing, itching, or irritation
• ex. chronic atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Question 18

keloid

Answer 18

• elevated and enlarged scale
• grows beyond boundary of wound
• excess collagen formation

Question 19

excoriation

Answer 19

loss of epidermis – abrasion or scratch
- often hollowed out area
- crusted
- often d/t pruritis = itchin

Question 20

pruritis

Answer 20

itching

Question 21

fissure

Answer 21

crack or break
- into dermis
- ex. athletes foot

Question 22

erosion

Answer 22

• superficial loss of epidermis
• ex. after bulla or vesicles rupture
• no bleeding or scarring

Question 23

ulcer

Answer 23

loss of epidermis and dermis or deeper
- concave
- ex. venous stasis or decubitus ulcers
- pressure ulcers 1-4

Question 24

crust

Answer 24

dried serum/ blood/ pus
- elevated
- ex: scab like ruptured vesicle /impetigo or scab

Question 25

atrophy

Answer 25

thinning of the skin – translucent
- striae = stretch marks

Question 26

maceration

Answer 26

softening of the skin area due to moisture

Question 27

sharp arrangements

Answer 27

round, oval, irregular
- annual (ring with centeral clearing)
- linear
- zosteriform (follows nerve)
- target (iris)

Question 28

classic pupil response to drugs

Answer 28

target

Question 29

patterns

Answer 29

clustered or diffuse

Question 30

borders

Answer 30

discrete
indistinct/ confluent

Question 31

woods lamp

Answer 31

used to look for presence of fungus
- fluoresces yellow-green

Question 32

cellulitis

Answer 32

• not contagious infection of dermis and subq (deep)
• no drainage
• d/t staph or strep bacteria
• not on surface
• red, warm, tender, swollen
• can spread thru blood (sepsis) i.e. meningitis
• antibiotics cause
• common on arms and legs

Question 33

ringworm (tinea)

Answer 33

skin infection caused by fungus
- ring-shaped annular rash
- ex. athletes foot (tinea pedis)

Question 34

fiery red yeast rash

Answer 34

• in skin folds (intertriginous)
• under diapers
• under breasts