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PA > quiz after after midterm > Flashcards

quiz after after midterm Flashcards

all notes from 10.25-10.28

1
Q

major assessment for MI

A

specific cardiac
incisions
chest tubes
neuro for CABG and a fib

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2
Q

veins usually used for CABG

A

mammary and saphenous vein

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3
Q

HF BNP

A

high (hormone from atria)

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4
Q

chest tube post CABG should drain how much per hour

A

<100mL/hr

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5
Q

HF: DVBS

A

daily vacation bible school
Dyspnea
Venous distention
Bounding pulses
Sensorium decreased

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6
Q

two types of HF

A

left sided (backs up into lungs)
right sided (backs up into body)

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7
Q

left sided HF

A

pulmonary edema
dyspnea
orthopnea
hemoptysis – coughing up blood

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8
Q

right sided HF

A

JVD
hepatomegaly
ascites
peripheral edema

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9
Q

L and R HF

A

Oliguria
confusion and cheyne stokes
slow cap refill

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10
Q

what is A-fib

A

atrial quiver rather than contracting normally

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11
Q

first prob in a-fib

A

35% loss of cardiac output

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12
Q

second prob in a-fib (how does a-fib cause a CVA)

A

blood pools, clots form in left atria auricle, then left ventricle, kicked out of aorta and up to carotid into brain causing CVA

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13
Q

watchman devise

A

blocks off auricles

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14
Q

a-fib requires what assessments

A

neuro and cardiac

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15
Q

heart murmur characterized by….

A
  • swooshing or buzzing
  • turbulent flow
  • regurgitating valve
  • listen at erbs point
  • at mitral valve because under most pressure
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16
Q

what is stenosed valve

A

doesn’t open all the way / narrowed

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17
Q

valve replacements are often …

A

aortic and mitral

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18
Q

mechanical valves

A
  • cause clicking sound
  • pts w this HAVE to be on anticoags
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19
Q

tissue valve replacement

A
  • pig or bovine
  • no anti coag req.
  • lasts 15 years
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20
Q

S3 ventricular gallop

A

ken-tuck-y
caused by sudden tensing of ventricular wall as blood enters from atria

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21
Q

S4 atrial gallop

A

ten-nes-see (S4-S1-S2)
atrial walls contracting
indicates HTN, CAD, or MI
listen with pt on left side

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22
Q

If amplitude of arteries is strong…

A

can have visible distention and pulsation

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23
Q

if arteries are bounding what does it indicate

A

fluid overload

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24
Q

when to do allen test

A

before sticking the radial artery

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25
Q

what is allen test for

A

arterial blood gas (ABG) and cardiac cath
- checking to see if blood flow to hand via ulnar artery is okay

26
Q

how is Allen test performed

A
  • raise hand
  • make fist
  • press arteries until looks pale
27
Q

check what pulses especially

A

most distal

28
Q

amplitude

A

pulse quality

29
Q

pulsus alternans

A

a physical sign of an irregular pulse that alternates between strong and weak beats
- sign of HF

30
Q

signs of decreased arterial flow

A
  • cool to the touch
  • sluggish cap refill
31
Q

signs of venous problems

A

redness, warmth, pain (think DVT)

32
Q

check what at pulse sites

A
  • sign of arterial blood flow such as temperature and cap refill
  • most distal pulses
  • amplitude
  • venous problems such as edema
33
Q

what does a bruit feel like

A

buzz or swoosh
- like a murmur but over an artery

34
Q

cause of a bruit

A

stenosis, atherosclerosis

35
Q

bruits over arteries indicate what blood flow

A

low blood flow

36
Q

main concern with bruits

A

can lead to the brain and cause CVA

37
Q

when is a bruit normal to feel

A

over AV fistula

38
Q

abnormalities in veins

A
  • edema
  • varicose veins
  • spider veins
  • medial malleolus
  • DVT
39
Q

edema is a sign of what

A

venous backup, injury, or fluid overload (could be d/t HF)

40
Q

brawny edema

A

form, hard, discolored (fibrosed), unable to be displace fluid, brownish appearance

41
Q

brawny edema indicates…

A

edema that has been there for a while

42
Q

are varicose veins superficial or deep

A

superficial (very visible)

43
Q

varicose veins can cause…

A

chronic venous stasis

44
Q

chronic venous stasis S&S

A

hemosiderin staining
brawny edema
stasis dermatitis: dry, flaky, itchy skin
venous stasis ulcers

45
Q

medial malleolus

A

most common place for an ulcer to form

46
Q

thrombophlebitis

A
  • when a vein becomes inflamed and a blood clot forms in the vein blocking off blood flow
  • sign of DVT
47
Q

1 sign of DVT

A

unilateral edema

48
Q

biggest concern of a DVT

A
  • pulmonary embolism
  • can cause sudden death
  • prevents blood from being oxygenated
49
Q

arterial abnormalities

A

PAD, raynaud phenomenon, ABI (for PAD)

50
Q

peripheral arterial diesease

A
  • PAD: decreased O2 out of the body, gradual atherosclerosis, DM is #1 cause, sudden occlusion
51
Q

S&S of sudden occlusion

A
  • weak or absent pulses
  • intermittent claudication
  • thin, shiny, hairless skin
  • coolness of skin and pale or molting
  • dependent rubor
  • severe= necrosis or gangrene
52
Q

raynaud phenomenon

A
  • vasospasm of small arteries of fingers
  • seen in cold temps
  • increased with autoimmune collagenous disease (lupus and RA)
53
Q

ankle brachial index

A
  • ABI
  • screening for PAD in legs
  • pt lies supine for 5 mins
  • BP cuff on right and left arms and right ankle
  • use doppler to measure SBP on right and left arms, right DP and right PT
  • repeat with left DP and PT
  • calculate ABI for right leg then left leg
  • higher ankle pressure on that side is divided by the higher arm pressure
54
Q

normal ABI

A

1.00-1.29

55
Q

borderline ABI

A

0.91-0.99

56
Q

mid to moderate ABI

A

0.41-0.90

57
Q

severe ABI

A

less than 0.40

58
Q
A
59
Q
A
60
Q
A

PA (10 decks)

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